Interface magnetocrystalline anisotropy induced by charge transfer on Pd/Ni/Cu films

We investigated microscopic mechanisms of interface magnetocrystalline anisotropy in epitaxial Pd/Ni/Cu films using x-ray magnetic circular dichroism and x-ray absorption spectroscopy at Ni $L_{\rm 2;3}$ edge and Pd $M_{\rm 2;3}$ edge. We found that a considerably charge transfer (from 4$d$ to 3$d$) of Pd and Ni dominantly occurs near the interface of Pd/Ni. The interfacial charge transfer result is enhanced the orbital magnetic moment, and leads to the interface magnetocrystalline anisotropy induced by about 19.1$\%$.