Simulation of magnetization configurations with constricting magnetization boundary conditions in 2 and 3-D soft-hard magnetic structures

A soft magnet embedded with hard-magnetic spheres/cylinders magnetized to constrict the soft magnet’s magnetization creates a system with multiple minima and related hysterisis effects. Due to many distinct magnetic structures in the soft-magnetic region at fixed magnetization on hard-magnets, frustration develops even in simple hard-magnetic arrays coupled via ferromagnetic exchange interaction. This presentation reports the simulation of such systems. We observed multiple minimum energy configurations and transitions between them in an externally applied magnetic field and/or change in hard magnets’ magnetization. Hysteresis effects due to the above changes are observed. Electron transport through these systems can generate interesting magneto-resistance effects.