DC spin current generation: adiabatic versus nonadiabatic regime

We study a dc spin current (SC) generation in the adiabatic regime and compare it with the nonadiabatic result. The SC generation configuration is an AC-biased finger-gate (FG) that orients transversely to and locates atop of a Rashba-type narrow channel. The dynamical variation in the spin-orbit interaction (SOI) gives rise to two time-varying potentials that have different spatial profiles. It is the time variations and the spin dependencies of these two potentials that cause the generation of a dc SC. By comparing the results from adiabatic and nonadiabatic calculations, we aim to identify the respective characteristics and the condition of adiabaticity in such a SC generation configuration.