Static Electricity in Sublimated CO2 Gas -- One in a Class of Phenomena

The charge state of CO$_{2}$ gas, sublimated from neutral solid, is observed to be positive. This phenomenon will be demonstrated. This discovery is made by testing a hypothesis which expects a group of molecules to become more positive when moving faster. The same hypothesis has also led to other discoveries of a special class of phenomena which include static electric charges being produced by thermal changes during vaporization, condensation and heating of water, as well as charges being produced by mechanical motion of metal discs. These phenomena were reported at the APS meetings of MAR02 (W30 4), MAR03 (J1 206) and MAR04 (Y38 12 - demonstration using toy gyroscopes). All of these phenomena appear to contradict the idea that the fundamental (or elemental) charge is constant. Each of these phenomena shows readings of positive voltage increasing without a decreasing electron count. Calculations show that the deviation from a static value of the fundamental (or elemental) charge may be the source of magnetism. This appears to answer the question why charges can appear to be constant. One of these calculations will be presented briefly.