Enhancing Azimuthal Magnetic Fields in Magnetoplasmadynamic Thrusters via Integrated Electromagnet Design

Magnetoplasmadynamic thrusters (MPDTs) are a promising electric propulsion (EP) technology capable of delivering high thrust and supporting a wide range of propellants. Despite these advantages, MPDT adoption remains limited due to operational challenges such as high-power requirements and complex plasma phenomena. In this work, we investigate a novel architecture for azimuthal magnetic field enhancement in MPDTs, with the goal of improving thrust generation while mitigating these challenges.

The proposed method involves the integration of strategically positioned electromagnets within the MPDT structure to generate an azimuthal magnetic field component. Unlike conventional self-field or applied-field MPDTs, this configuration provides a controlled means to enhance the electromagnetic thrust contribution without requiring excessively high discharge currents. Numerical simulations demonstrate a measurable increase in azimuthal magnetic field strength and a corresponding improvement in predicted thrust performance. These results support the potential of this approach to reduce power demands and extend operational flexibility.

This work forms part of a broader effort combining numerical modeling, experimental development, and fundamental plasma studies to advance MPDT technology. Future experimental investigations will focus on validating the simulated performance gains and analyzing discharge behavior, ionization efficiency, and confinement properties under varying magnetic field configurations.

By enabling improved control over magnetic field structure, this architecture contributes to the design of more efficient and scalable MPDTs, supporting the development of next-generation EP systems for high-power space missions.