Surface modification of artificial bone by using a non-thermal atmospheric-pressure helium microplasma jet.

Artificial bone is widely used to treat bone defects caused by such following conditions fractures, tumors, and infections, when autologous bone graft surgery is difficult. However, conventional artificial bones are hydrophobic, making it difficult for cells to adhere to their surfaces. Therefore, chemical treatments are typically applied before implantation to enhance cell affinity. In this study, we investigated the use of non-thermal atmospheric-pressure helium microplasma jet as an alternative to chemical treatments for modifying artificial bone. Plasma treatment generally enhances the surface to be hydrophilic by introducing hydroxyl groups onto the material surface. Before and after the surface conditions of artificial bones were evaluated by measuring the water contact angle. The artificial bone surface was modified even after a few seconds of plasma exposure. XPS results showed an increase of O1s peak intensity after the plasma irradiation. This supports the mechanism with increasing hydroxyl groups on the bone surface.