New neoclassical transport theory of toroidal rotation, electric field, and ion energy in inductive tokamaks

Toroidal momentum transport in tokamaks, with or without angular momentum input, has been an unsolved problem for the past 40 years. This paper introduces the fundamental physics of equilibrium polarization charge in a magnetized plasma and its effect on neoclassical transport theory in inductive tokamaks. The crucial new physics introduced in this paper is the physics of collective super-dielectric plasma, huge equilibrium polarization charge, and its acceleration with a toroidal electric field. Most of the neoclassical transport fluxes remain the same as the conventional expression, except for a drastic change in toroidal angular momentum transport. This new theory will attempt to explain:

1) Toroidal acceleration of inductive quasi-neutral plasma.

2) Intrinsic rotation of Ohmic/ICRH plasma (Rice scaling).

3) Anomalous toroidal momentum transport with NBI momentum input. Momentum transport is not a diffusion process, but rather an electrostatic force balance process with plasma polarization charge deceleration. Toroidal rotation reaches the steady state on a polarization acceleration time. An analytical formula for the toroidal rotation, electric field, and ion energy will be provided for transient and steady state in Ohmic, ICRH, and NBI plasma, to validate this theory with experimental results.

4) Application of this new physics to the H-mode edge layer and the black hole accretion disk will be discussed.

The theory presented here will apply to any inductive tokamaks, RFPs, and pulse mode FRCs.