A Physics-Informed Approach to Detecting Halo Coronal Mass Ejections from In-Situ Plasma Observations

Halo coronal mass ejections (CMEs) drive shocks, turbulence, and energetic particle enhancements in the heliosphere, and are a major source of space weather at L1. We present a physics-informed framework for detecting CME-associated transients using in-situ plasma measurements from the SWIS-ASPEX payload onboard India's Aditya-L1 mission. The method extracts physically interpretable time-series features, including density and velocity gradients, dynamic pressure, proton-to-alpha ratio, and plasma entropy, and applies adaptive thresholding with lightweight, explainable classification to identify candidate CME intervals. Initial validation is being performed on publicly available solar wind datasets from WIND and ACE and benchmarked against optical CME catalogs. While the current approach focuses on plasma parameters, the framework is designed to incorporate magnetic field measurements in future extensions, which can improve sensitivity to CME rotations and reduce confusion with corotating interaction regions. The pipeline also considers low-resource, near-real-time implementation, establishing a practical pathway toward autonomous, indigenous space weather monitoring at L1.