A PIC Study of X-wave Propagation in ExB flow

We numerically investigate the propagation of extraordinary waves (X-waves) in the presence of general ExB flows and examine their correspondence to theoretical models. To do so, we employ S⁵, a new, structure-preserving, massively-scalable PIC code. We present detailed simulations that highlight the modifications to wave propagation due to such flows, with particular focus on resonance conditions. Extending this analysis, we incorporate realistic magnetic field geometries to assess their impact on X-wave propagation in mirror-like configurations. We further examine the utility of such waves in realizing ponderomotive endplugs in a centrifugal mirror device.