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High-Repetition-Rate Proton Acceleration Above 20 MeV from a Liquid Microjet at L3-HAPLS

ORAL

Abstract

High-flux, high-repetition-rate laser-driven proton beams are of interest for applications in inertial fusion energy, cancer therapy, and material damage studies. Realizing these beams requires stable, debris-free, self-refreshing targets compatible with modern high-repetition-rate lasers. Liquid microjets have demonstrated this capability in prior campaigns at ALEPH (CSU), Neptun (TAU), and Gemini (RAL), establishing them as an ideal platform for advanced ion acceleration. Building on this foundation, we implemented a converging liquid water jet target at the L3-HAPLS laser using the ELIMAIA beamline (30 fs, 1-5 J, 3.3 Hz) to explore advanced acceleration regimes and target density shaping. Over 19,000 shots, including 2,000 consecutive, were delivered, demonstrating robust and stable operation. We performed systematic scans of target thickness (0.5-1.7 µm), focal spot size, and laser phase. A synchronized few-mJ pre-pulse precisely controlled pre-expansion to access near-critical density conditions. Ion spectra and angular emission were characterized using absolutely calibrated Thomson parabola spectrometers, TOF detectors, and an ion imager. To monitor the interaction, we measured the laser specular reflection and transmission profiles, the reflected laser spectrum, and XUV emission from the plasma. This presentation will introduce the platform and highlight preliminary results demonstrating a stable, high-repetition-rate proton source exceeding 20 MeV.

Publication: Treffert, F., et al, Physics of Plasmas 29, 123105 (2022).<br>Loughran, B., et al, High Power Laser Science and Engineering 11, e35 (2023).<br>Streeter, M.J.V., et al. Stable laser-acceleration of high-flux proton beams with plasma collimation. Nat Commun 16, 1004 (2025).

Presenters

  • Maxence Gauthier

    SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory

Authors

  • Maxence Gauthier

    SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory

  • Griffin D Glenn

    SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory

  • Girik Jain

    SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory

  • Stefano Faubel

    SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory

  • Charlotte A Palmer

    Queen's University Belfast

  • Peter Parsons

    Queen's University Belfast

  • James Weeks

    Queen's University Belfast

  • Stefan Popa

    Extreme Light Infrastructure-Nuclear Physics (ELI-NP), Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering (IFIN-HH)

  • Daniel Ursescu

    Extreme Light Infrastructure-Nuclear Physics (ELI-NP), Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering (IFIN-HH)

  • Raz H Levi

    Tel Aviv University

  • Milenko Vescovi

    Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf

  • Martin Rehwald

    HZDR

  • Siegfried H Glenzer

    SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory

  • Lorenzo Giuffrida

    ELI Beamlines

  • Filip Grepl

    ELI Beamlines

  • Francesco Schillaci

    ELI Beamlines

  • Andriy Velyhan

    ELI Beamlines

  • Maksym Tyrus

    ELI Beamlines

  • Helena Lefebvre

    ELI Beamlines