3D extended Magnetohydrodynamic simulation for the propagation of coaxial-gun-formed plasmas transverse to external magnetic field

Understanding the dynamics of magnetized plasmas propagating through a background magnetic field or magnetized plasma is important for elucidating the mechanisms underlying the formation and evolution of astrophysical or magnetospheric jets such as coronal mass ejections (CME's). To investigate these phenomena, the Plasma Bubble Expansion Experiment (PBEX) aims to simulate the interaction between high-speed plasma flows and magnetic fields under laboratory conditions. In this study, we conducted a 3D Extended Magnetohydrodynamic (xMHD) simulations to examine the evolution of PBEX coaxial-gun-formed plasmas in a weak external magnetic field (0.05 T) oriented perpendicular to the flow direction. Utilizing the PERSEUS code, which includes the Hall and electron inertial terms in the generalized Ohm's law (GOL), we compared our xMHD simulation results with ideal and resistive magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations, as well as experimental results. This allowed us to assess the significance of the Hall term in shock formation and instabilities.