Using the Sociotechnical Readiness Level Framework to Inform the Design and Development of Fusion Energy Systems

The technology readiness level (TRL) scale is used to assess the maturity and completeness of a complex technology or system. The TRL scale was initially developed by NASA in the 1970s and is now widely used in space, nuclear, and other complex technology sectors in the US and beyond. The TRL scale is particularly useful for determining where extrapolation of untested sub-systems or features could produce technical risk, cause expensive redesigns, or act as a roadblock to technology development. Verma and Allen (2022) recently proposed the development of a sociotechnical readiness level (SRL). The SRL framework is premised on the understanding that the successful development, eventual use of a technology – from cradle to grave – requires achieving not only full technological readiness but also anticipating, prioritising, and addressing societal concerns that may arise during the course of development of a technology. Failures to anticipate and address societal factors in the early stages of technology development have led to high-profile delays and, in some cases, ultimate failures of nuclear fission technology projects. The sociotechnical readiness scale, which conceptually draws on design research and science and technology studies scholarship, emphasises the need for social engagement during the process of technology development. Such an approach can provide useful insights for the successful design, development, and siting of fusion energy facilities.

In this talk, we use the sociotechnical readiness level framework to identify and describe the 9 stages of sociotechnical readiness leading up to the successful design, development, and siting of fusion energy facilities. We also expect our findings to be pertinent to the regulation of fusion facilities.