The role of moderate-scale experiments in the US stellarator program

Small- and moderate-scale stellarator experiments are an economical approach to exploring the landscape of 3D confinement systems. As examples, HSX, CTH, and HIDRA have provided essential benchmarks and basic physics validation. Given recent advances in stellarator theory, optimization, and engineering, there is impetus to experimentally probe previously unexplored areas of the 3D parameter space with new and upcoming devices. We will provide an overview of some of these projects, including MUSE, STAR_Lite, ETOS, and CSX. These new experiments will address key physics and engineering gaps in the stellarator fusion pilot plant (FPP) line, enabling partnerships with private industry to bring fusion to fruition. Furthermore, they provide an avenue for universities to develop the workforce needed for our nascent fusion industry.