Anomalous Zeeman Effect Experiment with Gas Discharge Spectral Tubes

Traditionally, the Zeeman Effect is studied using Fabry-Perot etalons. However, the normal Zeeman split has been successfully detected in stellarators [1] and tokamaks [2] (\textasciitilde 3-6T) using large spectrometers instead. Previously, we have developed an educational permanent magnet -- based system that allows the Paschen-Back limit of the Zeeman Effect to be studied by students [3]. This system was recently upgraded to deliver stronger fields and sub-pm spectral resolution using a standard spectrometer. Anomalous Zeeman splitting of the Na D-line was detected using this system, as well as many other persistent spectral lines in noble gases. [1] M. Goto and S. Morita, Phys. Rev. E 65(2), 026401 (2002). [2] J. Ghosh, et al, Phys. Plasmas 11(3), 1033--1042 (2004). [3] A. S. Taylor, A. R. Hyde, and O. V. Batishchev, American Journal of Physics, 85: 565--574, Aug. 2017.