Penetration of a relativistic plasma-generated ionization wave into a strong magnetic field

Haotian Mao; B. Goddard; B. Goddard; B. Goddard; B. Goddard; B. Goddard

Penetration of a relativistic plasma-generated ionization wave into a strong magnetic field

ORAL

Abstract

We apply a strong magnetic field to modify the expansion of a relativistic high energy density plasma into a neutral gas environment. Energy transport during plasma expansion into neutral gas is enhanced relative to plasma expansion into vacuum via a long-lasting relativistic ionization wave launched by the sheath electric field of the expanding plasma, which may be undesirable for applications. In this work, we use 1D kinetic simulations to examine the impact of an applied magnetic field on the propagation of the ionization wave. We find that an experimentally relevant 100 T-level magnetic field is capable of stopping the ionization wave propagation. In addition, we will discuss the condition for the ionization wave to stop in terms of the physical scales associated with the ionization wave and the applied magnetic field.

Nov. 9, 2020, 11:42 AM – Nov. 9, 2020, 11:54 AM

Authors

Haotian Mao

UCSD
B. Goddard

General Atomics, University of California, Los Angeles, University of Texas at Austin, University of Texas at Austin/Oak Ridge National Laboratory, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Materials Physics in Space, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology, Institute of Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Institute of Semiconductor Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Ghent University, Belgium & Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, Garching, Germany, ORAU, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, University of Iowa, General Fusion, Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Retired from Baylor University, Kyoto Univ., PPPL, RIAM, LLNL, Department of Aeronautics & Astronautics, University of Washington, Lithium Wall Fusion, University of Wisconsin-Madison, LiWall Fusion, Kyoto U, UCLA, Princeton, UWash, UT-Knoxville, ORNL, UW Madison, University of Washington, University of Tennessee - Knoxville, Pennsylvania State University, Michigan State University, CEA, San Jose' State University, Princeton University, UC Bouler, UT Austin, IPP Garching, UC Denver, UT Austin, UC Boulder, University of Colorado, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Laboratory for laser energetics, University of Texas, UCSD, UNR, LLNL, CA, USA, AWE Plc, Aldermaston, UK, Tel Aviv University, GoLP/IPFN, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Laboratory for Laser Energetics, U. of Rochester, Los Alamos National Laboratory, University of New Hampshire, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of California, San Diego, LLE, TU Darmstadt, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, INFN-LASA, Segrate, Italy, on behalf of the L3IA collaboration, Center for High Energy Density Science, University of Texas at Austin, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Seoul National University, Utah State University, Aalto University and VTT, EPFL, Univeristy of Oxford, U. Wisconsin-Madison, University of Texas, Austin, TAE Technologies, TAE Technologies, Inc., University of California, Irvine, TAE Technologies Inc., University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, TAE Technologies, Inc., Foothill Ranch, CA 92610, TAE Technologies INC., Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California -- Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA, Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA, GoLP/Instituto de Plasmas e Fus\~{a}o Nuclear, Instituto Superior T\'{e}cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal, University of California San Diego, Osaka University, University of Rochester, New York, Hope College, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550 USA, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX 750235 USA, MIT Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA, University of Texas - Austin, Institute for Fusion Studies, The University of Texas at Austin, UW-Madison, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, School of Air Space Technologies, Dourbal Electric, Inc, IO, NFRI, POSTECH, KAIST, GA, National Fusion Research Institute, SNU, UNIST, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, KSTAR Research Center, NFRI, Natl Fusion Res Inst, ASIPP, MIT PSFC, Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics Garching, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne, University of Rochester, Cornell University, University of Michigan, Natl Cheng Kung Univ, Natl Tsing Hua Univ/Natl Cheng Kung Univ, National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center/Natl Cheng Kung Univ, IHCE in Tomsk, Czech Tech Univ, Nuclear Physics Institute, Academy of Sciences of Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic, Institute of High Current Electronics SB RAS, Tomsk, Russia, Czech Technical University in Prague, Czech Republic, Johns Hopkins University, SLAC, Universitat Rostock, Universitat der Bundeswehr Munchen, Deutsches Elektronen- Synchrotron, University of Alberta, University of Rostock, GSI, University of Warwick, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, UCSD CER, Institute For Plasma Research, Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton University, Princeton University, PPPL, Max Planck Institute for Physics, CERN, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, University of Manchester, University of California Los Angeles, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Argonne National Laboratory, Beijing Normal University, University of Colorado, Boulder and Tech-X Corporation, Program Director at NSF, University of California Berkeley, Smithsonian Astrophysics Observatory, University College London, University of Arizona, KU Leuven, Ruhr-Universität Bochum; KU Leuven, Lancaster University; Daresbury Laboratory, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Royal Observatory of Belgium; Moscow State University, Wheaton College, Princeton Univ, Univ of Arizona, Univ of Iowa, Department of Physics, University of Otago, Astronomy Department, UC Berkeley, Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University, MIT, General Atomics - San Diego, College of William and Mary, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, University of California, Los Angeles,, General Atomics, San Diego CA, Watchung Hills Regional High School, 108 Stirling Rd, Warren, NJ, MIT-PSFC, Auburn Univ, UTIAS, UTK, SWIP, SNL, NJ Medical School, Rutgers University, University of Oxford, University of Chicago, Rice University, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627-0171, USA, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College, London, SW7 2AZ, UK, First Light Fusion Ltd, Oxford, OX5 1QU, UK, West Virginia University, Imperial College London, VT, UMD, GA,USTC, Massachusetts Institute of Technology MIT, MIT Plasma Science and Fusion Center, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK, Naval Research Laboratory, Los Alamos Natl Lab, University of Rochester/Laboratory for Laser Energetics, Los Alamos Natl Lab, University of Rochester/Laboratory for Laser Energetics, LANL, LLE Rochester, Sydor Technologies, Kentech Instruments Ltd, Kiel University, National University of Defense Technology, DESY Hamburg, Kiel University, Germany, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Kazakhstan, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Germany, Center for Advanced Systems Understanding, Germany, Institut f\"ur Theoretische Physik und Astrophysik, CASUS, AWE, University of Wawrick, Columbia University, Space Science Institute, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden Rossendorf, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Michigan - Ann Arbor, Stony Brook University, (USTC), (UCLA), (UW-Madison), IPP-CAS, Tech-X Corporation, Culham Centre for Fusion Energy of UKAEA, Colorado School of Mines, Kyiv Institute for Nuclear Research, CEA, IRFM, France, CCFE, UK, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Leganes, Madrid, Spain, National Institute for Fusion Science, Toki, Japan, General Fusion Inc., CCFE, ENEA, INFN, Uniroma, UNC-Chapel Hill, CCA, Flatiron Institute, Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research, Lockheed Martin Solar & Astrophysics Laboratory, Dartmouth College, Zhejiang University, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, Peking University, Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, Greifswald, Germany, MIT Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Cambridge, MA, USA, SUNY Cortland, Cortland, NY, USA, Institute for Fusion Studies, University of Texas at Austin, Nagoya University, National Institute for Fusion Science, TAE Technology, Inc., EPFL, SPC, ORISE,GA, U. Wisc, PPPL/GA, IPP, UW, Zap Energy Inc., University of Toronto, General Atomis, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, Nuclear Research Center, Negev, Israel, CNR of Italy, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, LBNL, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, ELI-Beamlines Project, Czech Republic, KPSI, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Japan, University of Gothenburg, Sweden, Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden, Fusion Theory and Computation, Columbia U., IPP-Garching, CEA IRFM, Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lehigh University, Columbia Univ, Univ Washington, Southwestern Institute of Physics, Chengdu, China, Colorado College, Science and Technology Corp., NASA Ames Research Center, United States Naval Research Laboratory, UCL, U. Delaware, Bryn Mawr College, U. Wellington, U. Sheffield, Chandigarh U., Aperio Software, U. Michigan, ASML, Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications, Laboratoire Pour L’Utilisation des Lasers Intenses - CNRS, University of Central Florida, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratories, Queens University Belfast, UBordeaux - CNRS-CEA, CELIA, France, UPolitecnica de Madrid, Spain, U de Valladolid, Spain, UMarseille, France, ICL, U de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain, HZDR, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Space Weather Laboratory, China, LLE, Rochester NY, LLNL, Livermore CA, Osaka Univ., STROBE, NSF Science & Technology Center, University of California, Irvine, Stony Brook U., Durham University, Auburn University, University of California, Berkeley, Virginia Tech, Plasma Physics Division, US Naval Research Laboratory, None, Atomic Weapons Establishment, Universite de Bordeaux, U. of Michigan, Beijing Normal Univ., Univ. of Michigan, ELI-NP, Ecole Polytechnique, NASA Goddard, University of Maryland College Park, Utah State Univeristy, Soochow University, University of Florida, Special Technologies Laboratory, Univ Kiel, U. Colorado, Lodestar, Lodestar Res Corp, Sandia National Laboratories, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Tokamak Energy Ltd, University of Illinois – Urbana Champaign, West Virginia Univ, ORNL, University of Tennessee, ORNL, Univeristy of Tennessee, University of Tennessee, Oak Ridge National Lab, HyperJet Fusion Corporation, University of Wisconsin, AWE, Aldermaston, U.K., U. Dusseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany, CSU, Fort Collins, Co., FAMU, Tallahassee, Fl, CSU, Fort Collins, Co., LLNL, National Fusion Research Institute, Korea, The Ohio State University, Voss Scientific LLC, Lawrence Livermore National Lab, Institute for Digital Research and Education, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China, US Coast Guard Academy, NIFS, UC San Diego, Sandia National Laboratory, United States Naval Research Laboratory (ret), University of Maryland, University of Maryland, College Park, HSX Stellarator, William & Mary, North Carolina State University, MIT Institute for Soldier Nanotechnologies, MIT Keith Nelson Group, Navy Research Laboratory, Baylor University, Baylor University, Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Hungary, EFPL, UNI, Lima, Peru, U. Conn, Centre Lasers Intenses Et Applications, Laboratoire Pour Lutilisation Des Lasers Intenses, SDSU, Princeton U., University of California Irvine, Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory and Centro de Laseres Pulsados (CLPU), Spain, Dept. of Astrophysical Science, Princeton University, Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory and Dept. of Astrophysical Science, Princeton University, George Washington University, Rowan University, Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Centro de Laseres Pulsados (CLPU), Spain, Dept. of Astrophysical Science, Princeton University, Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, University of Tokyo, Tokamak Energy Ltd., PPPL, Princeton NJ, U New Hampshire, Durham NH, Max Planck Computing and Data Facility, CFS, Commonwealth Fusion Systems, University of California - San Diego, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Department of Astronomy, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, ASC Flash Center for Computational Science, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, University of Nevada, Reno, Sorbonne, U. of Rochester, Center for Ultrafast Optical Science, Dept. of Physics University of Californial Los Angeles, Dept. of Electrical Engineering University of Californial Los Angeles, U. of Rochester, Laboratory laser Energetics, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, CFEL, University of Hamburg & DESY, LBNL, CFEL, University of Hamburg, Instituto Superior Tecnico, The University of Texas at Austin, JILA, Univ. Colorado, Boulder; CIPS, School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA, Department of Physics and Institute of Fusion Studies, University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA, Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Rochester, RadiaSoft LLC, Lehigh U., USTC, U of Milano-Bicocca, UCI, University of Milano-Bicocca, University of Seville, Aalto University, IPP Garching, Univ. of Texas-Austin, Dalian Maritime Univ., UC Irvine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, Western New England University, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Univ of New Hampshire, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center; University of Maryland, NASA, Goddard Space Flight Center, Department of Astrophysical and Planetary Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, University of Alabama-Huntsville, University of Bergen, Princeton Plasma Physics Lab, UIUC, Dalian University of Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, General Atomics, San Diego, CA, Mission Support and Test Services, Lab for Laser Energetics, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, University of St Andrews, CEA-Bruyeres, Sandia National Labs, Prism Computational Sciences, Laboratory for Laser Energetics, Uni. of Rochester, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, USA, York Plasma Institute, UK, Los Alamos National Laboratory, USA, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, USA, University of Oxford, UK, UC Davis, Institute for Plasma Research, HBNI, Center for Space Sciences and Astrophysics, UC-San Diego, Columbia University, New York, Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, UMR 7345-PIIM, France, University of Wisconsin, Madison, University of Greifswald, Technische Universit\"{a}t M\"{u}nchen, NIST, Boulder, NIST Boulder, University of Colorado Boulder, UAlberta, EuXFEL, Berkeley National Laboratory, Miami University of Ohio, Hamilton Campus, National Academies of Sciences, Innovative Scientific Solutions, Inc., OSU, UK, Lab for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester ,, IST Lisbon, MPIK, STFC RAL, STFC RAL, University of Strathclyde, GoLP/Instituto de Plasmas e Fusão Nuclear, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal, Center for Computational Astrophysics, Flatiron Institute, Institut für Theoretische Physik, Goethe-Universität, Center for Computational Astrophysics, Flatiron Institute / Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University, U. Washington and Zap Energy Inc., U. Washington, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), University of Washington (UW), Zap Energy, Zap Energy, Inc, ZaP Energy, Inc., CTFusion, Inc., Va Tech, CompX, University of Maryland, UMBC, UC-Davis, University of Hyogo, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, National Institute of Technology, Ishikawa College, Australian Natl Univ, University of York, William \& Mary, Cornell, UKAEA, Lawrence Livermore National Laboraotry, University of York, UK, Imperial College London, UK, Technical University of Munich, P. N. Lebedev Institute, Center for Energy Research, University of California, San Diego, Voss Scientific, UCSF, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA, Google, National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics, Extreme Light Infrastructure - Nuclear Physics, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Giessen, Germany, Joint Institute for High Temperatures of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt, Wessling, Germany, The University of Iowa, University of California at San Diego, Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Budapest, Hungary, U Colorado, U Michigan, Princeton University, Princeton Center for Heliophysics, PPPL, Princeton Center for Heliophysics, Sandia National Lab, Type One Energy, Max-Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, Southwestern Institute of Physics, CEA, France, Fusion For Energy Joint Undertaking, Josep Pla 2, 08019, Barcelona, Spain, Association EURATOM-VR, Chalmers University of Technology, G\"oteborg, Sweden, ITER Org., Route de Vinon-sur-Verdon, CS 90\,046, 13067 St. Paul-lez-Durance, France, Institut f\"ur Energie- und Klimaforschung IEK-4, FZJ, TEC, 52425 J\"ulich, Germany, Istituto per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Plasmi, CNR, Milan, Italy, CCFE, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 3DB, UK, Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, ITER Organization, JET Exploitation Unit, U. Toronto, Kyushu University, Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Uni. Oxford, IST, Uni. Lisbon, Uni.Rochester, LLE, CLF, RAL, Uni. Cambridge, Uni. Chicago, Uni. Rochester, LLE, Princeton Uni., QST, Maryland, Oxford, VTT, Chalmers University of Technology, College of William $\&$ Mary, Max Planck Inst, Univ Wisconsin, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, Oak Ridge National lab, University of Montana, IPP Greifswald, Astro Fusion Spectre, Max-Planck-Institute for Plasma Physics, Greifswald, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute for Plasma Physics, Greifswald, Germany and Technical University of Demark, Department of Physics, PPFE, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark, Xantho Technologies, LLC, Madison, WI, Princeton Plasma Physics Lab, Princeton, NJ, USA, Wigner Institute, Budapest, Hungary, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA, York Plasma Institute, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK, Plasma Science and Fusion Center, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, shiraiwa@psfc.mit.edu, Lodestar Research Corporation, Lodestar Inc., Tech-X Corp., Lodestar Corp., RPI, University of Florida, Gainesville, Massachusetts Insitute of Technology, U. of Alberta, Rutherford Appelton Laboratory, PSFC, MIT, Nevada Natl. Security Site, NNSS, U. New Hampshire, ILE, Osaka University, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, UK, University of Rochester Laboratory for Laser Energetics, Imperial, Insitute of Physics ASCR, Gwanju Institue of Science and Technology, European XFEL, Ohio State University, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, High Power Electromagnetics Division, Air Force Research Laboratory, Colorado State University, Florida AM University, Heinrich-Heine-Universitat Dusseldorf, Wright design limited, Max Planck Institute for Physics, Munich, Germany, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, CA, USA, Los Alamos National Laboratory, NM, USA, CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
B. Goddard

General Atomics, University of California, Los Angeles, University of Texas at Austin, University of Texas at Austin/Oak Ridge National Laboratory, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Materials Physics in Space, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology, Institute of Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Institute of Semiconductor Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Ghent University, Belgium & Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, Garching, Germany, ORAU, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, University of Iowa, General Fusion, Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Retired from Baylor University, Kyoto Univ., PPPL, RIAM, LLNL, Department of Aeronautics & Astronautics, University of Washington, Lithium Wall Fusion, University of Wisconsin-Madison, LiWall Fusion, Kyoto U, UCLA, Princeton, UWash, UT-Knoxville, ORNL, UW Madison, University of Washington, University of Tennessee - Knoxville, Pennsylvania State University, Michigan State University, CEA, San Jose' State University, Princeton University, UC Bouler, UT Austin, IPP Garching, UC Denver, UT Austin, UC Boulder, University of Colorado, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Laboratory for laser energetics, University of Texas, UCSD, UNR, LLNL, CA, USA, AWE Plc, Aldermaston, UK, Tel Aviv University, GoLP/IPFN, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Laboratory for Laser Energetics, U. of Rochester, Los Alamos National Laboratory, University of New Hampshire, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of California, San Diego, LLE, TU Darmstadt, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, INFN-LASA, Segrate, Italy, on behalf of the L3IA collaboration, Center for High Energy Density Science, University of Texas at Austin, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Seoul National University, Utah State University, Aalto University and VTT, EPFL, Univeristy of Oxford, U. Wisconsin-Madison, University of Texas, Austin, TAE Technologies, TAE Technologies, Inc., University of California, Irvine, TAE Technologies Inc., University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, TAE Technologies, Inc., Foothill Ranch, CA 92610, TAE Technologies INC., Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California -- Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA, Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA, GoLP/Instituto de Plasmas e Fus\~{a}o Nuclear, Instituto Superior T\'{e}cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal, University of California San Diego, Osaka University, University of Rochester, New York, Hope College, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550 USA, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX 750235 USA, MIT Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA, University of Texas - Austin, Institute for Fusion Studies, The University of Texas at Austin, UW-Madison, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, School of Air Space Technologies, Dourbal Electric, Inc, IO, NFRI, POSTECH, KAIST, GA, National Fusion Research Institute, SNU, UNIST, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, KSTAR Research Center, NFRI, Natl Fusion Res Inst, ASIPP, MIT PSFC, Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics Garching, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne, University of Rochester, Cornell University, University of Michigan, Natl Cheng Kung Univ, Natl Tsing Hua Univ/Natl Cheng Kung Univ, National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center/Natl Cheng Kung Univ, IHCE in Tomsk, Czech Tech Univ, Nuclear Physics Institute, Academy of Sciences of Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic, Institute of High Current Electronics SB RAS, Tomsk, Russia, Czech Technical University in Prague, Czech Republic, Johns Hopkins University, SLAC, Universitat Rostock, Universitat der Bundeswehr Munchen, Deutsches Elektronen- Synchrotron, University of Alberta, University of Rostock, GSI, University of Warwick, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, UCSD CER, Institute For Plasma Research, Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton University, Princeton University, PPPL, Max Planck Institute for Physics, CERN, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, University of Manchester, University of California Los Angeles, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Argonne National Laboratory, Beijing Normal University, University of Colorado, Boulder and Tech-X Corporation, Program Director at NSF, University of California Berkeley, Smithsonian Astrophysics Observatory, University College London, University of Arizona, KU Leuven, Ruhr-Universität Bochum; KU Leuven, Lancaster University; Daresbury Laboratory, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Royal Observatory of Belgium; Moscow State University, Wheaton College, Princeton Univ, Univ of Arizona, Univ of Iowa, Department of Physics, University of Otago, Astronomy Department, UC Berkeley, Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University, MIT, General Atomics - San Diego, College of William and Mary, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, University of California, Los Angeles,, General Atomics, San Diego CA, Watchung Hills Regional High School, 108 Stirling Rd, Warren, NJ, MIT-PSFC, Auburn Univ, UTIAS, UTK, SWIP, SNL, NJ Medical School, Rutgers University, University of Oxford, University of Chicago, Rice University, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627-0171, USA, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College, London, SW7 2AZ, UK, First Light Fusion Ltd, Oxford, OX5 1QU, UK, West Virginia University, Imperial College London, VT, UMD, GA,USTC, Massachusetts Institute of Technology MIT, MIT Plasma Science and Fusion Center, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK, Naval Research Laboratory, Los Alamos Natl Lab, University of Rochester/Laboratory for Laser Energetics, Los Alamos Natl Lab, University of Rochester/Laboratory for Laser Energetics, LANL, LLE Rochester, Sydor Technologies, Kentech Instruments Ltd, Kiel University, National University of Defense Technology, DESY Hamburg, Kiel University, Germany, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Kazakhstan, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Germany, Center for Advanced Systems Understanding, Germany, Institut f\"ur Theoretische Physik und Astrophysik, CASUS, AWE, University of Wawrick, Columbia University, Space Science Institute, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden Rossendorf, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Michigan - Ann Arbor, Stony Brook University, (USTC), (UCLA), (UW-Madison), IPP-CAS, Tech-X Corporation, Culham Centre for Fusion Energy of UKAEA, Colorado School of Mines, Kyiv Institute for Nuclear Research, CEA, IRFM, France, CCFE, UK, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Leganes, Madrid, Spain, National Institute for Fusion Science, Toki, Japan, General Fusion Inc., CCFE, ENEA, INFN, Uniroma, UNC-Chapel Hill, CCA, Flatiron Institute, Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research, Lockheed Martin Solar & Astrophysics Laboratory, Dartmouth College, Zhejiang University, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, Peking University, Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, Greifswald, Germany, MIT Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Cambridge, MA, USA, SUNY Cortland, Cortland, NY, USA, Institute for Fusion Studies, University of Texas at Austin, Nagoya University, National Institute for Fusion Science, TAE Technology, Inc., EPFL, SPC, ORISE,GA, U. Wisc, PPPL/GA, IPP, UW, Zap Energy Inc., University of Toronto, General Atomis, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, Nuclear Research Center, Negev, Israel, CNR of Italy, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, LBNL, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, ELI-Beamlines Project, Czech Republic, KPSI, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Japan, University of Gothenburg, Sweden, Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden, Fusion Theory and Computation, Columbia U., IPP-Garching, CEA IRFM, Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lehigh University, Columbia Univ, Univ Washington, Southwestern Institute of Physics, Chengdu, China, Colorado College, Science and Technology Corp., NASA Ames Research Center, United States Naval Research Laboratory, UCL, U. Delaware, Bryn Mawr College, U. Wellington, U. Sheffield, Chandigarh U., Aperio Software, U. Michigan, ASML, Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications, Laboratoire Pour L’Utilisation des Lasers Intenses - CNRS, University of Central Florida, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratories, Queens University Belfast, UBordeaux - CNRS-CEA, CELIA, France, UPolitecnica de Madrid, Spain, U de Valladolid, Spain, UMarseille, France, ICL, U de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain, HZDR, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Space Weather Laboratory, China, LLE, Rochester NY, LLNL, Livermore CA, Osaka Univ., STROBE, NSF Science & Technology Center, University of California, Irvine, Stony Brook U., Durham University, Auburn University, University of California, Berkeley, Virginia Tech, Plasma Physics Division, US Naval Research Laboratory, None, Atomic Weapons Establishment, Universite de Bordeaux, U. of Michigan, Beijing Normal Univ., Univ. of Michigan, ELI-NP, Ecole Polytechnique, NASA Goddard, University of Maryland College Park, Utah State Univeristy, Soochow University, University of Florida, Special Technologies Laboratory, Univ Kiel, U. Colorado, Lodestar, Lodestar Res Corp, Sandia National Laboratories, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Tokamak Energy Ltd, University of Illinois – Urbana Champaign, West Virginia Univ, ORNL, University of Tennessee, ORNL, Univeristy of Tennessee, University of Tennessee, Oak Ridge National Lab, HyperJet Fusion Corporation, University of Wisconsin, AWE, Aldermaston, U.K., U. Dusseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany, CSU, Fort Collins, Co., FAMU, Tallahassee, Fl, CSU, Fort Collins, Co., LLNL, National Fusion Research Institute, Korea, The Ohio State University, Voss Scientific LLC, Lawrence Livermore National Lab, Institute for Digital Research and Education, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China, US Coast Guard Academy, NIFS, UC San Diego, Sandia National Laboratory, United States Naval Research Laboratory (ret), University of Maryland, University of Maryland, College Park, HSX Stellarator, William & Mary, North Carolina State University, MIT Institute for Soldier Nanotechnologies, MIT Keith Nelson Group, Navy Research Laboratory, Baylor University, Baylor University, Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Hungary, EFPL, UNI, Lima, Peru, U. Conn, Centre Lasers Intenses Et Applications, Laboratoire Pour Lutilisation Des Lasers Intenses, SDSU, Princeton U., University of California Irvine, Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory and Centro de Laseres Pulsados (CLPU), Spain, Dept. of Astrophysical Science, Princeton University, Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory and Dept. of Astrophysical Science, Princeton University, George Washington University, Rowan University, Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Centro de Laseres Pulsados (CLPU), Spain, Dept. of Astrophysical Science, Princeton University, Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, University of Tokyo, Tokamak Energy Ltd., PPPL, Princeton NJ, U New Hampshire, Durham NH, Max Planck Computing and Data Facility, CFS, Commonwealth Fusion Systems, University of California - San Diego, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Department of Astronomy, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, ASC Flash Center for Computational Science, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, University of Nevada, Reno, Sorbonne, U. of Rochester, Center for Ultrafast Optical Science, Dept. of Physics University of Californial Los Angeles, Dept. of Electrical Engineering University of Californial Los Angeles, U. of Rochester, Laboratory laser Energetics, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, CFEL, University of Hamburg & DESY, LBNL, CFEL, University of Hamburg, Instituto Superior Tecnico, The University of Texas at Austin, JILA, Univ. Colorado, Boulder; CIPS, School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA, Department of Physics and Institute of Fusion Studies, University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA, Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Rochester, RadiaSoft LLC, Lehigh U., USTC, U of Milano-Bicocca, UCI, University of Milano-Bicocca, University of Seville, Aalto University, IPP Garching, Univ. of Texas-Austin, Dalian Maritime Univ., UC Irvine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, Western New England University, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Univ of New Hampshire, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center; University of Maryland, NASA, Goddard Space Flight Center, Department of Astrophysical and Planetary Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, University of Alabama-Huntsville, University of Bergen, Princeton Plasma Physics Lab, UIUC, Dalian University of Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, General Atomics, San Diego, CA, Mission Support and Test Services, Lab for Laser Energetics, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, University of St Andrews, CEA-Bruyeres, Sandia National Labs, Prism Computational Sciences, Laboratory for Laser Energetics, Uni. of Rochester, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, USA, York Plasma Institute, UK, Los Alamos National Laboratory, USA, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, USA, University of Oxford, UK, UC Davis, Institute for Plasma Research, HBNI, Center for Space Sciences and Astrophysics, UC-San Diego, Columbia University, New York, Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, UMR 7345-PIIM, France, University of Wisconsin, Madison, University of Greifswald, Technische Universit\"{a}t M\"{u}nchen, NIST, Boulder, NIST Boulder, University of Colorado Boulder, UAlberta, EuXFEL, Berkeley National Laboratory, Miami University of Ohio, Hamilton Campus, National Academies of Sciences, Innovative Scientific Solutions, Inc., OSU, UK, Lab for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester ,, IST Lisbon, MPIK, STFC RAL, STFC RAL, University of Strathclyde, GoLP/Instituto de Plasmas e Fusão Nuclear, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal, Center for Computational Astrophysics, Flatiron Institute, Institut für Theoretische Physik, Goethe-Universität, Center for Computational Astrophysics, Flatiron Institute / Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University, U. Washington and Zap Energy Inc., U. Washington, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), University of Washington (UW), Zap Energy, Zap Energy, Inc, ZaP Energy, Inc., CTFusion, Inc., Va Tech, CompX, University of Maryland, UMBC, UC-Davis, University of Hyogo, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, National Institute of Technology, Ishikawa College, Australian Natl Univ, University of York, William \& Mary, Cornell, UKAEA, Lawrence Livermore National Laboraotry, University of York, UK, Imperial College London, UK, Technical University of Munich, P. N. Lebedev Institute, Center for Energy Research, University of California, San Diego, Voss Scientific, UCSF, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA, Google, National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics, Extreme Light Infrastructure - Nuclear Physics, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Giessen, Germany, Joint Institute for High Temperatures of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt, Wessling, Germany, The University of Iowa, University of California at San Diego, Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Budapest, Hungary, U Colorado, U Michigan, Princeton University, Princeton Center for Heliophysics, PPPL, Princeton Center for Heliophysics, Sandia National Lab, Type One Energy, Max-Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, Southwestern Institute of Physics, CEA, France, Fusion For Energy Joint Undertaking, Josep Pla 2, 08019, Barcelona, Spain, Association EURATOM-VR, Chalmers University of Technology, G\"oteborg, Sweden, ITER Org., Route de Vinon-sur-Verdon, CS 90\,046, 13067 St. Paul-lez-Durance, France, Institut f\"ur Energie- und Klimaforschung IEK-4, FZJ, TEC, 52425 J\"ulich, Germany, Istituto per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Plasmi, CNR, Milan, Italy, CCFE, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 3DB, UK, Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, ITER Organization, JET Exploitation Unit, U. Toronto, Kyushu University, Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Uni. Oxford, IST, Uni. Lisbon, Uni.Rochester, LLE, CLF, RAL, Uni. Cambridge, Uni. Chicago, Uni. Rochester, LLE, Princeton Uni., QST, Maryland, Oxford, VTT, Chalmers University of Technology, College of William $\&$ Mary, Max Planck Inst, Univ Wisconsin, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, Oak Ridge National lab, University of Montana, IPP Greifswald, Astro Fusion Spectre, Max-Planck-Institute for Plasma Physics, Greifswald, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute for Plasma Physics, Greifswald, Germany and Technical University of Demark, Department of Physics, PPFE, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark, Xantho Technologies, LLC, Madison, WI, Princeton Plasma Physics Lab, Princeton, NJ, USA, Wigner Institute, Budapest, Hungary, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA, York Plasma Institute, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK, Plasma Science and Fusion Center, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, shiraiwa@psfc.mit.edu, Lodestar Research Corporation, Lodestar Inc., Tech-X Corp., Lodestar Corp., RPI, University of Florida, Gainesville, Massachusetts Insitute of Technology, U. of Alberta, Rutherford Appelton Laboratory, PSFC, MIT, Nevada Natl. Security Site, NNSS, U. New Hampshire, ILE, Osaka University, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, UK, University of Rochester Laboratory for Laser Energetics, Imperial, Insitute of Physics ASCR, Gwanju Institue of Science and Technology, European XFEL, Ohio State University, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, High Power Electromagnetics Division, Air Force Research Laboratory, Colorado State University, Florida AM University, Heinrich-Heine-Universitat Dusseldorf, Wright design limited, Max Planck Institute for Physics, Munich, Germany, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, CA, USA, Los Alamos National Laboratory, NM, USA, CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
B. Goddard

General Atomics, University of California, Los Angeles, University of Texas at Austin, University of Texas at Austin/Oak Ridge National Laboratory, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Materials Physics in Space, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology, Institute of Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Institute of Semiconductor Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Ghent University, Belgium & Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, Garching, Germany, ORAU, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, University of Iowa, General Fusion, Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Retired from Baylor University, Kyoto Univ., PPPL, RIAM, LLNL, Department of Aeronautics & Astronautics, University of Washington, Lithium Wall Fusion, University of Wisconsin-Madison, LiWall Fusion, Kyoto U, UCLA, Princeton, UWash, UT-Knoxville, ORNL, UW Madison, University of Washington, University of Tennessee - Knoxville, Pennsylvania State University, Michigan State University, CEA, San Jose' State University, Princeton University, UC Bouler, UT Austin, IPP Garching, UC Denver, UT Austin, UC Boulder, University of Colorado, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Laboratory for laser energetics, University of Texas, UCSD, UNR, LLNL, CA, USA, AWE Plc, Aldermaston, UK, Tel Aviv University, GoLP/IPFN, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Laboratory for Laser Energetics, U. of Rochester, Los Alamos National Laboratory, University of New Hampshire, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of California, San Diego, LLE, TU Darmstadt, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, INFN-LASA, Segrate, Italy, on behalf of the L3IA collaboration, Center for High Energy Density Science, University of Texas at Austin, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Seoul National University, Utah State University, Aalto University and VTT, EPFL, Univeristy of Oxford, U. Wisconsin-Madison, University of Texas, Austin, TAE Technologies, TAE Technologies, Inc., University of California, Irvine, TAE Technologies Inc., University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, TAE Technologies, Inc., Foothill Ranch, CA 92610, TAE Technologies INC., Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California -- Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA, Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA, GoLP/Instituto de Plasmas e Fus\~{a}o Nuclear, Instituto Superior T\'{e}cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal, University of California San Diego, Osaka University, University of Rochester, New York, Hope College, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550 USA, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX 750235 USA, MIT Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA, University of Texas - Austin, Institute for Fusion Studies, The University of Texas at Austin, UW-Madison, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, School of Air Space Technologies, Dourbal Electric, Inc, IO, NFRI, POSTECH, KAIST, GA, National Fusion Research Institute, SNU, UNIST, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, KSTAR Research Center, NFRI, Natl Fusion Res Inst, ASIPP, MIT PSFC, Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics Garching, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne, University of Rochester, Cornell University, University of Michigan, Natl Cheng Kung Univ, Natl Tsing Hua Univ/Natl Cheng Kung Univ, National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center/Natl Cheng Kung Univ, IHCE in Tomsk, Czech Tech Univ, Nuclear Physics Institute, Academy of Sciences of Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic, Institute of High Current Electronics SB RAS, Tomsk, Russia, Czech Technical University in Prague, Czech Republic, Johns Hopkins University, SLAC, Universitat Rostock, Universitat der Bundeswehr Munchen, Deutsches Elektronen- Synchrotron, University of Alberta, University of Rostock, GSI, University of Warwick, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, UCSD CER, Institute For Plasma Research, Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton University, Princeton University, PPPL, Max Planck Institute for Physics, CERN, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, University of Manchester, University of California Los Angeles, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Argonne National Laboratory, Beijing Normal University, University of Colorado, Boulder and Tech-X Corporation, Program Director at NSF, University of California Berkeley, Smithsonian Astrophysics Observatory, University College London, University of Arizona, KU Leuven, Ruhr-Universität Bochum; KU Leuven, Lancaster University; Daresbury Laboratory, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Royal Observatory of Belgium; Moscow State University, Wheaton College, Princeton Univ, Univ of Arizona, Univ of Iowa, Department of Physics, University of Otago, Astronomy Department, UC Berkeley, Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University, MIT, General Atomics - San Diego, College of William and Mary, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, University of California, Los Angeles,, General Atomics, San Diego CA, Watchung Hills Regional High School, 108 Stirling Rd, Warren, NJ, MIT-PSFC, Auburn Univ, UTIAS, UTK, SWIP, SNL, NJ Medical School, Rutgers University, University of Oxford, University of Chicago, Rice University, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627-0171, USA, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College, London, SW7 2AZ, UK, First Light Fusion Ltd, Oxford, OX5 1QU, UK, West Virginia University, Imperial College London, VT, UMD, GA,USTC, Massachusetts Institute of Technology MIT, MIT Plasma Science and Fusion Center, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK, Naval Research Laboratory, Los Alamos Natl Lab, University of Rochester/Laboratory for Laser Energetics, Los Alamos Natl Lab, University of Rochester/Laboratory for Laser Energetics, LANL, LLE Rochester, Sydor Technologies, Kentech Instruments Ltd, Kiel University, National University of Defense Technology, DESY Hamburg, Kiel University, Germany, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Kazakhstan, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Germany, Center for Advanced Systems Understanding, Germany, Institut f\"ur Theoretische Physik und Astrophysik, CASUS, AWE, University of Wawrick, Columbia University, Space Science Institute, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden Rossendorf, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Michigan - Ann Arbor, Stony Brook University, (USTC), (UCLA), (UW-Madison), IPP-CAS, Tech-X Corporation, Culham Centre for Fusion Energy of UKAEA, Colorado School of Mines, Kyiv Institute for Nuclear Research, CEA, IRFM, France, CCFE, UK, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Leganes, Madrid, Spain, National Institute for Fusion Science, Toki, Japan, General Fusion Inc., CCFE, ENEA, INFN, Uniroma, UNC-Chapel Hill, CCA, Flatiron Institute, Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research, Lockheed Martin Solar & Astrophysics Laboratory, Dartmouth College, Zhejiang University, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, Peking University, Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, Greifswald, Germany, MIT Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Cambridge, MA, USA, SUNY Cortland, Cortland, NY, USA, Institute for Fusion Studies, University of Texas at Austin, Nagoya University, National Institute for Fusion Science, TAE Technology, Inc., EPFL, SPC, ORISE,GA, U. Wisc, PPPL/GA, IPP, UW, Zap Energy Inc., University of Toronto, General Atomis, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, Nuclear Research Center, Negev, Israel, CNR of Italy, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, LBNL, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, ELI-Beamlines Project, Czech Republic, KPSI, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Japan, University of Gothenburg, Sweden, Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden, Fusion Theory and Computation, Columbia U., IPP-Garching, CEA IRFM, Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lehigh University, Columbia Univ, Univ Washington, Southwestern Institute of Physics, Chengdu, China, Colorado College, Science and Technology Corp., NASA Ames Research Center, United States Naval Research Laboratory, UCL, U. Delaware, Bryn Mawr College, U. Wellington, U. Sheffield, Chandigarh U., Aperio Software, U. Michigan, ASML, Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications, Laboratoire Pour L’Utilisation des Lasers Intenses - CNRS, University of Central Florida, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratories, Queens University Belfast, UBordeaux - CNRS-CEA, CELIA, France, UPolitecnica de Madrid, Spain, U de Valladolid, Spain, UMarseille, France, ICL, U de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain, HZDR, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Space Weather Laboratory, China, LLE, Rochester NY, LLNL, Livermore CA, Osaka Univ., STROBE, NSF Science & Technology Center, University of California, Irvine, Stony Brook U., Durham University, Auburn University, University of California, Berkeley, Virginia Tech, Plasma Physics Division, US Naval Research Laboratory, None, Atomic Weapons Establishment, Universite de Bordeaux, U. of Michigan, Beijing Normal Univ., Univ. of Michigan, ELI-NP, Ecole Polytechnique, NASA Goddard, University of Maryland College Park, Utah State Univeristy, Soochow University, University of Florida, Special Technologies Laboratory, Univ Kiel, U. Colorado, Lodestar, Lodestar Res Corp, Sandia National Laboratories, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Tokamak Energy Ltd, University of Illinois – Urbana Champaign, West Virginia Univ, ORNL, University of Tennessee, ORNL, Univeristy of Tennessee, University of Tennessee, Oak Ridge National Lab, HyperJet Fusion Corporation, University of Wisconsin, AWE, Aldermaston, U.K., U. Dusseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany, CSU, Fort Collins, Co., FAMU, Tallahassee, Fl, CSU, Fort Collins, Co., LLNL, National Fusion Research Institute, Korea, The Ohio State University, Voss Scientific LLC, Lawrence Livermore National Lab, Institute for Digital Research and Education, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China, US Coast Guard Academy, NIFS, UC San Diego, Sandia National Laboratory, United States Naval Research Laboratory (ret), University of Maryland, University of Maryland, College Park, HSX Stellarator, William & Mary, North Carolina State University, MIT Institute for Soldier Nanotechnologies, MIT Keith Nelson Group, Navy Research Laboratory, Baylor University, Baylor University, Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Hungary, EFPL, UNI, Lima, Peru, U. Conn, Centre Lasers Intenses Et Applications, Laboratoire Pour Lutilisation Des Lasers Intenses, SDSU, Princeton U., University of California Irvine, Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory and Centro de Laseres Pulsados (CLPU), Spain, Dept. of Astrophysical Science, Princeton University, Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory and Dept. of Astrophysical Science, Princeton University, George Washington University, Rowan University, Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Centro de Laseres Pulsados (CLPU), Spain, Dept. of Astrophysical Science, Princeton University, Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, University of Tokyo, Tokamak Energy Ltd., PPPL, Princeton NJ, U New Hampshire, Durham NH, Max Planck Computing and Data Facility, CFS, Commonwealth Fusion Systems, University of California - San Diego, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Department of Astronomy, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, ASC Flash Center for Computational Science, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, University of Nevada, Reno, Sorbonne, U. of Rochester, Center for Ultrafast Optical Science, Dept. of Physics University of Californial Los Angeles, Dept. of Electrical Engineering University of Californial Los Angeles, U. of Rochester, Laboratory laser Energetics, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, CFEL, University of Hamburg & DESY, LBNL, CFEL, University of Hamburg, Instituto Superior Tecnico, The University of Texas at Austin, JILA, Univ. Colorado, Boulder; CIPS, School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA, Department of Physics and Institute of Fusion Studies, University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA, Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Rochester, RadiaSoft LLC, Lehigh U., USTC, U of Milano-Bicocca, UCI, University of Milano-Bicocca, University of Seville, Aalto University, IPP Garching, Univ. of Texas-Austin, Dalian Maritime Univ., UC Irvine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, Western New England University, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Univ of New Hampshire, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center; University of Maryland, NASA, Goddard Space Flight Center, Department of Astrophysical and Planetary Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, University of Alabama-Huntsville, University of Bergen, Princeton Plasma Physics Lab, UIUC, Dalian University of Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, General Atomics, San Diego, CA, Mission Support and Test Services, Lab for Laser Energetics, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, University of St Andrews, CEA-Bruyeres, Sandia National Labs, Prism Computational Sciences, Laboratory for Laser Energetics, Uni. of Rochester, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, USA, York Plasma Institute, UK, Los Alamos National Laboratory, USA, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, USA, University of Oxford, UK, UC Davis, Institute for Plasma Research, HBNI, Center for Space Sciences and Astrophysics, UC-San Diego, Columbia University, New York, Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, UMR 7345-PIIM, France, University of Wisconsin, Madison, University of Greifswald, Technische Universit\"{a}t M\"{u}nchen, NIST, Boulder, NIST Boulder, University of Colorado Boulder, UAlberta, EuXFEL, Berkeley National Laboratory, Miami University of Ohio, Hamilton Campus, National Academies of Sciences, Innovative Scientific Solutions, Inc., OSU, UK, Lab for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester ,, IST Lisbon, MPIK, STFC RAL, STFC RAL, University of Strathclyde, GoLP/Instituto de Plasmas e Fusão Nuclear, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal, Center for Computational Astrophysics, Flatiron Institute, Institut für Theoretische Physik, Goethe-Universität, Center for Computational Astrophysics, Flatiron Institute / Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University, U. Washington and Zap Energy Inc., U. Washington, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), University of Washington (UW), Zap Energy, Zap Energy, Inc, ZaP Energy, Inc., CTFusion, Inc., Va Tech, CompX, University of Maryland, UMBC, UC-Davis, University of Hyogo, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, National Institute of Technology, Ishikawa College, Australian Natl Univ, University of York, William \& Mary, Cornell, UKAEA, Lawrence Livermore National Laboraotry, University of York, UK, Imperial College London, UK, Technical University of Munich, P. N. Lebedev Institute, Center for Energy Research, University of California, San Diego, Voss Scientific, UCSF, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA, Google, National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics, Extreme Light Infrastructure - Nuclear Physics, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Giessen, Germany, Joint Institute for High Temperatures of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt, Wessling, Germany, The University of Iowa, University of California at San Diego, Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Budapest, Hungary, U Colorado, U Michigan, Princeton University, Princeton Center for Heliophysics, PPPL, Princeton Center for Heliophysics, Sandia National Lab, Type One Energy, Max-Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, Southwestern Institute of Physics, CEA, France, Fusion For Energy Joint Undertaking, Josep Pla 2, 08019, Barcelona, Spain, Association EURATOM-VR, Chalmers University of Technology, G\"oteborg, Sweden, ITER Org., Route de Vinon-sur-Verdon, CS 90\,046, 13067 St. Paul-lez-Durance, France, Institut f\"ur Energie- und Klimaforschung IEK-4, FZJ, TEC, 52425 J\"ulich, Germany, Istituto per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Plasmi, CNR, Milan, Italy, CCFE, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 3DB, UK, Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, ITER Organization, JET Exploitation Unit, U. Toronto, Kyushu University, Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Uni. Oxford, IST, Uni. Lisbon, Uni.Rochester, LLE, CLF, RAL, Uni. Cambridge, Uni. Chicago, Uni. Rochester, LLE, Princeton Uni., QST, Maryland, Oxford, VTT, Chalmers University of Technology, College of William $\&$ Mary, Max Planck Inst, Univ Wisconsin, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, Oak Ridge National lab, University of Montana, IPP Greifswald, Astro Fusion Spectre, Max-Planck-Institute for Plasma Physics, Greifswald, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute for Plasma Physics, Greifswald, Germany and Technical University of Demark, Department of Physics, PPFE, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark, Xantho Technologies, LLC, Madison, WI, Princeton Plasma Physics Lab, Princeton, NJ, USA, Wigner Institute, Budapest, Hungary, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA, York Plasma Institute, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK, Plasma Science and Fusion Center, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, shiraiwa@psfc.mit.edu, Lodestar Research Corporation, Lodestar Inc., Tech-X Corp., Lodestar Corp., RPI, University of Florida, Gainesville, Massachusetts Insitute of Technology, U. of Alberta, Rutherford Appelton Laboratory, PSFC, MIT, Nevada Natl. Security Site, NNSS, U. New Hampshire, ILE, Osaka University, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, UK, University of Rochester Laboratory for Laser Energetics, Imperial, Insitute of Physics ASCR, Gwanju Institue of Science and Technology, European XFEL, Ohio State University, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, High Power Electromagnetics Division, Air Force Research Laboratory, Colorado State University, Florida AM University, Heinrich-Heine-Universitat Dusseldorf, Wright design limited, Max Planck Institute for Physics, Munich, Germany, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, CA, USA, Los Alamos National Laboratory, NM, USA, CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
B. Goddard

General Atomics, University of California, Los Angeles, University of Texas at Austin, University of Texas at Austin/Oak Ridge National Laboratory, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Materials Physics in Space, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology, Institute of Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Institute of Semiconductor Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Ghent University, Belgium & Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, Garching, Germany, ORAU, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, University of Iowa, General Fusion, Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Retired from Baylor University, Kyoto Univ., PPPL, RIAM, LLNL, Department of Aeronautics & Astronautics, University of Washington, Lithium Wall Fusion, University of Wisconsin-Madison, LiWall Fusion, Kyoto U, UCLA, Princeton, UWash, UT-Knoxville, ORNL, UW Madison, University of Washington, University of Tennessee - Knoxville, Pennsylvania State University, Michigan State University, CEA, San Jose' State University, Princeton University, UC Bouler, UT Austin, IPP Garching, UC Denver, UT Austin, UC Boulder, University of Colorado, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Laboratory for laser energetics, University of Texas, UCSD, UNR, LLNL, CA, USA, AWE Plc, Aldermaston, UK, Tel Aviv University, GoLP/IPFN, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Laboratory for Laser Energetics, U. of Rochester, Los Alamos National Laboratory, University of New Hampshire, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of California, San Diego, LLE, TU Darmstadt, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, INFN-LASA, Segrate, Italy, on behalf of the L3IA collaboration, Center for High Energy Density Science, University of Texas at Austin, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Seoul National University, Utah State University, Aalto University and VTT, EPFL, Univeristy of Oxford, U. Wisconsin-Madison, University of Texas, Austin, TAE Technologies, TAE Technologies, Inc., University of California, Irvine, TAE Technologies Inc., University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, TAE Technologies, Inc., Foothill Ranch, CA 92610, TAE Technologies INC., Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California -- Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA, Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA, GoLP/Instituto de Plasmas e Fus\~{a}o Nuclear, Instituto Superior T\'{e}cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal, University of California San Diego, Osaka University, University of Rochester, New York, Hope College, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550 USA, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX 750235 USA, MIT Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA, University of Texas - Austin, Institute for Fusion Studies, The University of Texas at Austin, UW-Madison, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, School of Air Space Technologies, Dourbal Electric, Inc, IO, NFRI, POSTECH, KAIST, GA, National Fusion Research Institute, SNU, UNIST, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, KSTAR Research Center, NFRI, Natl Fusion Res Inst, ASIPP, MIT PSFC, Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics Garching, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne, University of Rochester, Cornell University, University of Michigan, Natl Cheng Kung Univ, Natl Tsing Hua Univ/Natl Cheng Kung Univ, National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center/Natl Cheng Kung Univ, IHCE in Tomsk, Czech Tech Univ, Nuclear Physics Institute, Academy of Sciences of Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic, Institute of High Current Electronics SB RAS, Tomsk, Russia, Czech Technical University in Prague, Czech Republic, Johns Hopkins University, SLAC, Universitat Rostock, Universitat der Bundeswehr Munchen, Deutsches Elektronen- Synchrotron, University of Alberta, University of Rostock, GSI, University of Warwick, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, UCSD CER, Institute For Plasma Research, Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton University, Princeton University, PPPL, Max Planck Institute for Physics, CERN, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, University of Manchester, University of California Los Angeles, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Argonne National Laboratory, Beijing Normal University, University of Colorado, Boulder and Tech-X Corporation, Program Director at NSF, University of California Berkeley, Smithsonian Astrophysics Observatory, University College London, University of Arizona, KU Leuven, Ruhr-Universität Bochum; KU Leuven, Lancaster University; Daresbury Laboratory, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Royal Observatory of Belgium; Moscow State University, Wheaton College, Princeton Univ, Univ of Arizona, Univ of Iowa, Department of Physics, University of Otago, Astronomy Department, UC Berkeley, Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University, MIT, General Atomics - San Diego, College of William and Mary, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, University of California, Los Angeles,, General Atomics, San Diego CA, Watchung Hills Regional High School, 108 Stirling Rd, Warren, NJ, MIT-PSFC, Auburn Univ, UTIAS, UTK, SWIP, SNL, NJ Medical School, Rutgers University, University of Oxford, University of Chicago, Rice University, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627-0171, USA, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College, London, SW7 2AZ, UK, First Light Fusion Ltd, Oxford, OX5 1QU, UK, West Virginia University, Imperial College London, VT, UMD, GA,USTC, Massachusetts Institute of Technology MIT, MIT Plasma Science and Fusion Center, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK, Naval Research Laboratory, Los Alamos Natl Lab, University of Rochester/Laboratory for Laser Energetics, Los Alamos Natl Lab, University of Rochester/Laboratory for Laser Energetics, LANL, LLE Rochester, Sydor Technologies, Kentech Instruments Ltd, Kiel University, National University of Defense Technology, DESY Hamburg, Kiel University, Germany, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Kazakhstan, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Germany, Center for Advanced Systems Understanding, Germany, Institut f\"ur Theoretische Physik und Astrophysik, CASUS, AWE, University of Wawrick, Columbia University, Space Science Institute, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden Rossendorf, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Michigan - Ann Arbor, Stony Brook University, (USTC), (UCLA), (UW-Madison), IPP-CAS, Tech-X Corporation, Culham Centre for Fusion Energy of UKAEA, Colorado School of Mines, Kyiv Institute for Nuclear Research, CEA, IRFM, France, CCFE, UK, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Leganes, Madrid, Spain, National Institute for Fusion Science, Toki, Japan, General Fusion Inc., CCFE, ENEA, INFN, Uniroma, UNC-Chapel Hill, CCA, Flatiron Institute, Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research, Lockheed Martin Solar & Astrophysics Laboratory, Dartmouth College, Zhejiang University, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, Peking University, Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, Greifswald, Germany, MIT Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Cambridge, MA, USA, SUNY Cortland, Cortland, NY, USA, Institute for Fusion Studies, University of Texas at Austin, Nagoya University, National Institute for Fusion Science, TAE Technology, Inc., EPFL, SPC, ORISE,GA, U. Wisc, PPPL/GA, IPP, UW, Zap Energy Inc., University of Toronto, General Atomis, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, Nuclear Research Center, Negev, Israel, CNR of Italy, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, LBNL, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, ELI-Beamlines Project, Czech Republic, KPSI, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Japan, University of Gothenburg, Sweden, Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden, Fusion Theory and Computation, Columbia U., IPP-Garching, CEA IRFM, Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lehigh University, Columbia Univ, Univ Washington, Southwestern Institute of Physics, Chengdu, China, Colorado College, Science and Technology Corp., NASA Ames Research Center, United States Naval Research Laboratory, UCL, U. Delaware, Bryn Mawr College, U. Wellington, U. Sheffield, Chandigarh U., Aperio Software, U. Michigan, ASML, Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications, Laboratoire Pour L’Utilisation des Lasers Intenses - CNRS, University of Central Florida, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratories, Queens University Belfast, UBordeaux - CNRS-CEA, CELIA, France, UPolitecnica de Madrid, Spain, U de Valladolid, Spain, UMarseille, France, ICL, U de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain, HZDR, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Space Weather Laboratory, China, LLE, Rochester NY, LLNL, Livermore CA, Osaka Univ., STROBE, NSF Science & Technology Center, University of California, Irvine, Stony Brook U., Durham University, Auburn University, University of California, Berkeley, Virginia Tech, Plasma Physics Division, US Naval Research Laboratory, None, Atomic Weapons Establishment, Universite de Bordeaux, U. of Michigan, Beijing Normal Univ., Univ. of Michigan, ELI-NP, Ecole Polytechnique, NASA Goddard, University of Maryland College Park, Utah State Univeristy, Soochow University, University of Florida, Special Technologies Laboratory, Univ Kiel, U. Colorado, Lodestar, Lodestar Res Corp, Sandia National Laboratories, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Tokamak Energy Ltd, University of Illinois – Urbana Champaign, West Virginia Univ, ORNL, University of Tennessee, ORNL, Univeristy of Tennessee, University of Tennessee, Oak Ridge National Lab, HyperJet Fusion Corporation, University of Wisconsin, AWE, Aldermaston, U.K., U. Dusseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany, CSU, Fort Collins, Co., FAMU, Tallahassee, Fl, CSU, Fort Collins, Co., LLNL, National Fusion Research Institute, Korea, The Ohio State University, Voss Scientific LLC, Lawrence Livermore National Lab, Institute for Digital Research and Education, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China, US Coast Guard Academy, NIFS, UC San Diego, Sandia National Laboratory, United States Naval Research Laboratory (ret), University of Maryland, University of Maryland, College Park, HSX Stellarator, William & Mary, North Carolina State University, MIT Institute for Soldier Nanotechnologies, MIT Keith Nelson Group, Navy Research Laboratory, Baylor University, Baylor University, Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Hungary, EFPL, UNI, Lima, Peru, U. Conn, Centre Lasers Intenses Et Applications, Laboratoire Pour Lutilisation Des Lasers Intenses, SDSU, Princeton U., University of California Irvine, Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory and Centro de Laseres Pulsados (CLPU), Spain, Dept. of Astrophysical Science, Princeton University, Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory and Dept. of Astrophysical Science, Princeton University, George Washington University, Rowan University, Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Centro de Laseres Pulsados (CLPU), Spain, Dept. of Astrophysical Science, Princeton University, Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, University of Tokyo, Tokamak Energy Ltd., PPPL, Princeton NJ, U New Hampshire, Durham NH, Max Planck Computing and Data Facility, CFS, Commonwealth Fusion Systems, University of California - San Diego, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Department of Astronomy, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, ASC Flash Center for Computational Science, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, University of Nevada, Reno, Sorbonne, U. of Rochester, Center for Ultrafast Optical Science, Dept. of Physics University of Californial Los Angeles, Dept. of Electrical Engineering University of Californial Los Angeles, U. of Rochester, Laboratory laser Energetics, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, CFEL, University of Hamburg & DESY, LBNL, CFEL, University of Hamburg, Instituto Superior Tecnico, The University of Texas at Austin, JILA, Univ. Colorado, Boulder; CIPS, School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA, Department of Physics and Institute of Fusion Studies, University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA, Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Rochester, RadiaSoft LLC, Lehigh U., USTC, U of Milano-Bicocca, UCI, University of Milano-Bicocca, University of Seville, Aalto University, IPP Garching, Univ. of Texas-Austin, Dalian Maritime Univ., UC Irvine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, Western New England University, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Univ of New Hampshire, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center; University of Maryland, NASA, Goddard Space Flight Center, Department of Astrophysical and Planetary Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, University of Alabama-Huntsville, University of Bergen, Princeton Plasma Physics Lab, UIUC, Dalian University of Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, General Atomics, San Diego, CA, Mission Support and Test Services, Lab for Laser Energetics, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, University of St Andrews, CEA-Bruyeres, Sandia National Labs, Prism Computational Sciences, Laboratory for Laser Energetics, Uni. of Rochester, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, USA, York Plasma Institute, UK, Los Alamos National Laboratory, USA, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, USA, University of Oxford, UK, UC Davis, Institute for Plasma Research, HBNI, Center for Space Sciences and Astrophysics, UC-San Diego, Columbia University, New York, Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, UMR 7345-PIIM, France, University of Wisconsin, Madison, University of Greifswald, Technische Universit\"{a}t M\"{u}nchen, NIST, Boulder, NIST Boulder, University of Colorado Boulder, UAlberta, EuXFEL, Berkeley National Laboratory, Miami University of Ohio, Hamilton Campus, National Academies of Sciences, Innovative Scientific Solutions, Inc., OSU, UK, Lab for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester ,, IST Lisbon, MPIK, STFC RAL, STFC RAL, University of Strathclyde, GoLP/Instituto de Plasmas e Fusão Nuclear, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal, Center for Computational Astrophysics, Flatiron Institute, Institut für Theoretische Physik, Goethe-Universität, Center for Computational Astrophysics, Flatiron Institute / Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University, U. Washington and Zap Energy Inc., U. Washington, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), University of Washington (UW), Zap Energy, Zap Energy, Inc, ZaP Energy, Inc., CTFusion, Inc., Va Tech, CompX, University of Maryland, UMBC, UC-Davis, University of Hyogo, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, National Institute of Technology, Ishikawa College, Australian Natl Univ, University of York, William \& Mary, Cornell, UKAEA, Lawrence Livermore National Laboraotry, University of York, UK, Imperial College London, UK, Technical University of Munich, P. N. Lebedev Institute, Center for Energy Research, University of California, San Diego, Voss Scientific, UCSF, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA, Google, National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics, Extreme Light Infrastructure - Nuclear Physics, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Giessen, Germany, Joint Institute for High Temperatures of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt, Wessling, Germany, The University of Iowa, University of California at San Diego, Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Budapest, Hungary, U Colorado, U Michigan, Princeton University, Princeton Center for Heliophysics, PPPL, Princeton Center for Heliophysics, Sandia National Lab, Type One Energy, Max-Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, Southwestern Institute of Physics, CEA, France, Fusion For Energy Joint Undertaking, Josep Pla 2, 08019, Barcelona, Spain, Association EURATOM-VR, Chalmers University of Technology, G\"oteborg, Sweden, ITER Org., Route de Vinon-sur-Verdon, CS 90\,046, 13067 St. Paul-lez-Durance, France, Institut f\"ur Energie- und Klimaforschung IEK-4, FZJ, TEC, 52425 J\"ulich, Germany, Istituto per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Plasmi, CNR, Milan, Italy, CCFE, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 3DB, UK, Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, ITER Organization, JET Exploitation Unit, U. Toronto, Kyushu University, Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Uni. Oxford, IST, Uni. Lisbon, Uni.Rochester, LLE, CLF, RAL, Uni. Cambridge, Uni. Chicago, Uni. Rochester, LLE, Princeton Uni., QST, Maryland, Oxford, VTT, Chalmers University of Technology, College of William $\&$ Mary, Max Planck Inst, Univ Wisconsin, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, Oak Ridge National lab, University of Montana, IPP Greifswald, Astro Fusion Spectre, Max-Planck-Institute for Plasma Physics, Greifswald, Germany, Max-Planck-Institute for Plasma Physics, Greifswald, Germany and Technical University of Demark, Department of Physics, PPFE, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark, Xantho Technologies, LLC, Madison, WI, Princeton Plasma Physics Lab, Princeton, NJ, USA, Wigner Institute, Budapest, Hungary, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA, York Plasma Institute, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK, Plasma Science and Fusion Center, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, shiraiwa@psfc.mit.edu, Lodestar Research Corporation, Lodestar Inc., Tech-X Corp., Lodestar Corp., RPI, University of Florida, Gainesville, Massachusetts Insitute of Technology, U. of Alberta, Rutherford Appelton Laboratory, PSFC, MIT, Nevada Natl. Security Site, NNSS, U. New Hampshire, ILE, Osaka University, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, UK, University of Rochester Laboratory for Laser Energetics, Imperial, Insitute of Physics ASCR, Gwanju Institue of Science and Technology, European XFEL, Ohio State University, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, High Power Electromagnetics Division, Air Force Research Laboratory, Colorado State University, Florida AM University, Heinrich-Heine-Universitat Dusseldorf, Wright design limited, Max Planck Institute for Physics, Munich, Germany, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, CA, USA, Los Alamos National Laboratory, NM, USA, CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
B. Goddard

General Atomics, University of California, Los Angeles, University of Texas at Austin, University of Texas at Austin/Oak Ridge National Laboratory, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Materials Physics in Space, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology, Institute of Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Institute of Semiconductor Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Ghent University, Belgium & Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, Garching, Germany, ORAU, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, University of Iowa, General Fusion, Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Retired from Baylor University, Kyoto Univ., PPPL, RIAM, LLNL, Department of Aeronautics & Astronautics, University of Washington, Lithium Wall Fusion, University of Wisconsin-Madison, LiWall Fusion, Kyoto U, UCLA, Princeton, UWash, UT-Knoxville, ORNL, UW Madison, University of Washington, University of Tennessee - Knoxville, Pennsylvania State University, Michigan State University, CEA, San Jose' State University, Princeton University, UC Bouler, UT Austin, IPP Garching, UC Denver, UT Austin, UC Boulder, University of Colorado, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Laboratory for laser energetics, University of Texas, UCSD, UNR, LLNL, CA, USA, AWE Plc, Aldermaston, UK, Tel Aviv University, GoLP/IPFN, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Laboratory for Laser Energetics, U. of Rochester, Los Alamos National Laboratory, University of New Hampshire, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of California, San Diego, LLE, TU Darmstadt, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, INFN-LASA, Segrate, Italy, on behalf of the L3IA collaboration, Center for High Energy Density Science, University of Texas at Austin, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Seoul National University, Utah State University, Aalto University and VTT, EPFL, Univeristy of Oxford, U. Wisconsin-Madison, University of Texas, Austin, TAE Technologies, TAE Technologies, Inc., University of California, Irvine, TAE Technologies Inc., University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, TAE Technologies, Inc., Foothill Ranch, CA 92610, TAE Technologies INC., Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California -- Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA, Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA, GoLP/Instituto de Plasmas e Fus\~{a}o Nuclear, Instituto Superior T\'{e}cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal, University of California San Diego, Osaka University, University of Rochester, New York, Hope College, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550 USA, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX 750235 USA, MIT Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA, University of Texas - Austin, Institute for Fusion Studies, The University of Texas at Austin, UW-Madison, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, School of Air Space Technologies, Dourbal Electric, Inc, IO, NFRI, POSTECH, KAIST, GA, National Fusion Research Institute, SNU, UNIST, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, KSTAR Research Center, NFRI, Natl Fusion Res Inst, ASIPP, MIT PSFC, Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics Garching, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne, University of Rochester, Cornell University, University of Michigan, Natl Cheng Kung Univ, Natl Tsing Hua Univ/Natl Cheng Kung Univ, National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center/Natl Cheng Kung Univ, IHCE in Tomsk, Czech Tech Univ, Nuclear Physics Institute, Academy of Sciences of Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic, Institute of High Current Electronics SB RAS, Tomsk, Russia, Czech Technical University in Prague, Czech Republic, Johns Hopkins University, SLAC, Universitat Rostock, Universitat der Bundeswehr Munchen, Deutsches Elektronen- Synchrotron, University of Alberta, University of Rostock, GSI, University of Warwick, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, UCSD CER, Institute For Plasma Research, Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton University, Princeton University, PPPL, Max Planck Institute for Physics, CERN, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, University of Manchester, University of California Los Angeles, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Argonne National Laboratory, Beijing Normal University, University of Colorado, Boulder and Tech-X Corporation, Program Director at NSF, University of California Berkeley, Smithsonian Astrophysics Observatory, University College London, University of Arizona, KU Leuven, Ruhr-Universität Bochum; KU Leuven, Lancaster University; Daresbury Laboratory, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Royal Observatory of Belgium; Moscow State University, Wheaton College, Princeton Univ, Univ of Arizona, Univ of Iowa, Department of Physics, University of Otago, Astronomy Department, UC Berkeley, Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University, MIT, General Atomics - San Diego, College of William and Mary, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, University of California, Los Angeles,, General Atomics, San Diego CA, Watchung Hills Regional High School, 108 Stirling Rd, Warren, NJ, MIT-PSFC, Auburn Univ, UTIAS, UTK, SWIP, SNL, NJ Medical School, Rutgers University, University of Oxford, University of Chicago, Rice University, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627-0171, USA, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College, London, SW7 2AZ, UK, First Light Fusion Ltd, Oxford, OX5 1QU, UK, West Virginia University, Imperial College London, VT, UMD, GA,USTC, Massachusetts Institute of Technology MIT, MIT Plasma Science and Fusion Center, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK, Naval Research Laboratory, Los Alamos Natl Lab, University of Rochester/Laboratory for Laser Energetics, Los Alamos Natl Lab, University of Rochester/Laboratory for Laser Energetics, LANL, LLE Rochester, Sydor Technologies, Kentech Instruments Ltd, Kiel University, National University of Defense Technology, DESY Hamburg, Kiel University, Germany, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Kazakhstan, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Germany, Center for Advanced Systems Understanding, Germany, Institut f\"ur Theoretische Physik und Astrophysik, CASUS, AWE, University of Wawrick, Columbia University, Space Science Institute, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden Rossendorf, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Univ of Michigan - Ann Arbor, Stony Brook University, (USTC), (UCLA), (UW-Madison), IPP-CAS, Tech-X Corporation, Culham Centre for Fusion Energy of UKAEA, Colorado School of Mines, Kyiv Institute for Nuclear Research, CEA, IRFM, France, CCFE, UK, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Leganes, Madrid, Spain, National Institute for Fusion Science, Toki, Japan, General Fusion Inc., CCFE, ENEA, INFN, Uniroma, UNC-Chapel Hill, CCA, Flatiron Institute, Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research, Lockheed Martin Solar & Astrophysics Laboratory, Dartmouth College, Zhejiang University, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, Peking University, Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, Greifswald, Germany, MIT Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Cambridge, MA, USA, SUNY Cortland, Cortland, NY, USA, Institute for Fusion Studies, University of Texas at Austin, Nagoya University, National Institute for Fusion Science, TAE Technology, Inc., EPFL, SPC, ORISE,GA, U. Wisc, PPPL/GA, IPP, UW, Zap Energy Inc., University of Toronto, General Atomis, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, Nuclear Research Center, Negev, Israel, CNR of Italy, Ohio State Univ - Columbus, LBNL, USA, Institute of Physics ASCR, ELI-Beamlines Project, Czech Republic, KPSI, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Japan, University of Gothenburg, Sweden, Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden, Fusion Theory and Computation, Columbia U., IPP-Garching, CEA IRFM, Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lehigh University, Columbia Univ, Univ Washington, Southwestern Institute of Physics, Chengdu, China, Colorado College, Science and Technology Corp., NASA Ames Research Center, United States Naval Research Laboratory, UCL, U. Delaware, Bryn Mawr College, U. Wellington, U. Sheffield, Chandigarh U., Aperio Software, U. Michigan, ASML, Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications, Laboratoire Pour L’Utilisation des Lasers Intenses - CNRS, University of Central Florida, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratories, Queens University Belfast, UBordeaux - CNRS-CEA, CELIA, France, UPolitecnica de Madrid, Spain, U de Valladolid, Spain, UMarseille, France, ICL, U de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain, HZDR, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Space Weather Laboratory, China, LLE, Rochester NY, LLNL, Livermore CA, Osaka Univ., STROBE, NSF Science & Technology Center, University of California, Irvine, Stony Brook U., Durham University, Auburn University, University of California, Berkeley, Virginia Tech, Plasma Physics Division, US Naval Research Laboratory, None, Atomic Weapons Establishment, Universite de Bordeaux, U. of Michigan, Beijing Normal Univ., Univ. of Michigan, ELI-NP, Ecole Polytechnique, NASA Goddard, University of Maryland College Park, Utah State Univeristy, Soochow University, University of Florida, Special Technologies Laboratory, Univ Kiel, U. Colorado, Lodestar, Lodestar Res Corp, Sandia National Laboratories, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Tokamak Energy Ltd, University of Illinois – Urbana Champaign, West Virginia Univ, ORNL, University of Tennessee, ORNL, Univeristy of Tennessee, University of Tennessee, Oak Ridge National Lab, HyperJet Fusion Corporation, University of Wisconsin, AWE, Aldermaston, U.K., U. Dusseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany, CSU, Fort Collins, Co., FAMU, Tallahassee, Fl, CSU, Fort Collins, Co., LLNL, National Fusion Research Institute, Korea, The Ohio State University, Voss Scientific LLC, Lawrence Livermore National Lab, Institute for Digital Research and Education, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China, US Coast Guard Academy, NIFS, UC San Diego, Sandia National Laboratory, United States Naval Research Laboratory (ret), University of Maryland, University of Maryland, College Park, HSX Stellarator, William & Mary, North Carolina State University, MIT Institute for Soldier Nanotechnologies, MIT Keith Nelson Group, Navy Research Laboratory, Baylor University, Baylor University, Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Hungary, EFPL, UNI, Lima, Peru, U. Conn, Centre Lasers Intenses Et Applications, Laboratoire Pour Lutilisation Des Lasers Intenses, SDSU, Princeton U., University of California Irvine, Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory and Centro de Laseres Pulsados (CLPU), Spain, Dept. of Astrophysical Science, Princeton University, Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory and Dept. of Astrophysical Science, Princeton University, George Washington University, Rowan University, Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Centro de Laseres Pulsados (CLPU), Spain, Dept. of Astrophysical Science, Princeton University, Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, University of Tokyo, Tokamak Energy Ltd., PPPL, Princeton NJ, U New Hampshire, Durham NH, Max Planck Computing and Data Facility, CFS, Commonwealth Fusion Systems, University of California - San Diego, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Department of Astronomy, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, ASC Flash Center for Computational Science, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, University of Nevada, Reno, Sorbonne, U. of Rochester, Center for Ultrafast Optical Science, Dept. of Physics University of Californial Los Angeles, Dept. of Electrical Engineering University of Californial Los Angeles, U. of Rochester, Laboratory laser Energetics, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, CFEL, University of Hamburg & DESY, LBNL, CFEL, University of Hamburg, Instituto Superior Tecnico, The University of Texas at Austin, JILA, Univ. Colorado, Boulder; CIPS, School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA, Department of Physics and Institute of Fusion Studies, University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA, Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Rochester, RadiaSoft LLC, Lehigh U., USTC, U of Milano-Bicocca, UCI, University of Milano-Bicocca, University of Seville, Aalto University, IPP Garching, Univ. of Texas-Austin, Dalian Maritime Univ., UC Irvine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, Western New England University, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Univ of New Hampshire, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center; University of Maryland, NASA, Goddard Space Flight Center, Department of Astrophysical and Planetary Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, University of Alabama-Huntsville, University of Bergen, Princeton Plasma Physics Lab, UIUC, Dalian University of Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, General Atomics, San Diego, CA, Mission Support and Test Services, Lab for Laser Energetics, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, University of St Andrews, CEA-Bruyeres, Sandia National Labs, Prism Computational Sciences, Laboratory for Laser Energetics, Uni. of Rochester, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, USA, York Plasma Institute, UK, Los Alamos National Laboratory, USA, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, USA, University of Oxford, UK, UC Davis, Institute for Plasma Research, HBNI, Center for Space Sciences and Astrophysics, UC-San Diego, Columbia University, New York, Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, UMR 7345-PIIM, France, University of Wisconsin, Madison, University of Greifswald, Technische Universit\"{a}t M\"{u}nchen, NIST, Boulder, NIST Boulder, University of Colorado Boulder, UAlberta, EuXFEL, Berkeley National Laboratory, Miami University of Ohio, Hamilton Campus, National Academies of Sciences, Innovative Scientific Solutions, Inc., OSU, UK, Lab for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester ,, IST Lisbon, MPIK, STFC RAL, STFC RAL, University of Strathclyde, GoLP/Instituto de Plasmas e Fusão Nuclear, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal, Center for Computational Astrophysics, Flatiron Institute, Institut für Theoretische Physik, Goethe-Universität, Center for Computational Astrophysics, Flatiron Institute / Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University, U. 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