Electric Fields of the Sun and Solar Wind

A simple model of solar electric fields explains the solar wind energetics and coronal "heating", invoking only gravito-electric and photo-electric forces. In the (collisional) solar interior, gravity \textit{necessarily} generates a radial electric field eE$=$(-1/2)m$_{\mathrm{p}}$g, so protons are 50{\%} levitated. At the surface, this gives eE(R$_{\mathrm{s}})=$1.4eV/Mm from displaced charge Q(R$_{\mathrm{s}})=$ -75.Coul. In the (weakly collisional) outer photosphere/corona, electron scattering of the photon energy flux G$_{\mathrm{E}}$ gives eE $=$ (G$_{\mathrm{E}}$/c) $\sigma _{\mathrm{\gamma e}}$. An estimated average photon-electron cross-section $\sigma_{\mathrm{\gamma e}}=$3x10$^{\mathrm{-24}}$m$^{\mathrm{2}}$ (typical of e-/p$+$ and e-/H correlations) gives eE$=$(4.eV/Mm) (r/R$_{\mathrm{s}})^{\mathrm{-2}}$, sufficient to generate the observed solar wind: protons are accelerated out of the 2.keV gravity well and up to 1.3keV kinetic energy within several R$_{\mathrm{s}}$, with total particle energy flux of G$_{\mathrm{E}}$/10$^{\mathrm{6}}$. This coherent proton/electron flow \textit{is} the K-Corona, obviating the T$=$100eV hydrostatic model (Van deHulst, 1950). Filamentation (1.Mm$^{\mathrm{2}})$ of the flow arises from the convection /recombination ("roiling") dynamics of surface granulations, with local electric fields generating strong currents and local magnetic fields. Statistical charge fluctuations, current filamentation, and neutral gas drag on the persistent proton/electron flow produces the pervasive \textit{fluctuating} magnetic fields observed by spacecraft.