On Zonal Flow Formation in Plasmas and Fluids: Probing the Drift-Rossby Analogy

M.J. Burin; Jie Kong; Jie Kong; Jie Kong; Jie Kong; Jie Kong; Jie Kong

On Zonal Flow Formation in Plasmas and Fluids: Probing the Drift-Rossby Analogy

POSTER

Abstract

A well-recognized isomorphism exists between the equations describing drift waves within magnetized plasmas and Rossby waves on rotating planets. Both systems also exhibit large-scale zonal flows that arise due to nonlinear energy~transfer from smaller, turbulent motions. While such energy transfer has been recently characterized in plasmas (via Reynolds' stresses), similar data from geophysically relevant flows has been lacking. We report on a new experimental effort to characterize large-scale flow generation within a laboratory fluid. Results are discussed with the aim of better quantifying the analogy.

Authors

M.J. Burin

CSU San Marcos, CMTFO, CSUSM
Jie Kong

National Institute for Standards and Technology, MIT, ORISE, PPPL, National Energy Technology Laboratory, LULI, CELIA, GSI, P. N. Lebedev Physical Institute, CEA, DAM, DIF, CEA,DAM,DIF, U. S. Naval Research Laboratory, Dipartimento SBAI, Universit\`a di Roma ``La Sapienza,'' Italy, Dipartimento SBAI, Università di Roma ``La Sapienza,'' Italy, LULI, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, CEA, UPMC, Palaiseau, France, Kansai Photon Science Institute (KPSI), Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA), Kyoto, Japan, Sorbonne Universit\'es, UPMC, Paris 06, CNRS, INSP, UMR 7588, INSP, F-75005, Paris, France, USTC, University of Science and Technology of China, U Mich, Stanford University, UC Irvine, LLNL, LLE, University of Oxford, Imperial College London, Max Planck Institute, Dresden, AWE, plc., GSI Darmstadt, University of Michigan, SLAC, University of Warwick, Temple, Universidad de Salamanca, Cornell, CLPU, Univ of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, CEA/DAM/Cesta, CEA/DAM/DIF, AWE, Laboratory for Laser Energetics, CPT CNRS Luminy, IFS and UT Austin, General Atomics, Institute of Space and Plasma Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Univ of California - San Diego, Los Alamos National Laboratory, CASPER - Baylor University, CASPER - Baylor University / IRS - University of Stuttgart, PSFC, MIT, LANL, SNL, Univ of Michigan - Ann Arbor, UNR, NSTec, Chongqing University, China, Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Riverside Research, Beavercreek, OH 45432, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433, Raytheon Ktech, Albuquerque, NM 87123, S4 Inc., Fairborn, OH 45324, Riverside Research, Beavercreek, OH 45431, ILE, Osaka Univ, Sumitomo Electroc Industries, GRC, Ehime Univ., GSS, Osaka Univ., KYOKUGEN, Osaka Univ., CEA, DAM, DIF, F-91297 Arpajon, France, ILE Osaka Univ, Osaka University Graduate School of Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, CEA, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Laboratory for Laser Energetics, U. of Rochester, Laboratory for Laser Energetics and Fusion Science Center, U. of Rochester, University of Rochester Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, University of York, Lawrence Livermore National Lab, Prism Computational Sciences, Inc., Flash Center for Computational Science, University of Chicago, University of Washington, University of Hyogo, UW - Madison, IPP Greifswald, Univ of Wisconsin, Madison, HSX Plasma Laboratory, UW-Madison, University of Maryland, NIFS, HSX Plasma Lab, University of Wisconsin, University of Wisconsin-Madison, University of California, Los Angeles, HSX Plasma Lab, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, UW-Madison, Forschungszentrum Juelich, GmbH, Germany, University of Wisconsin, HSX Plasma Lab, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Auburn University, National Institute for Fusion Science, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Nagoya University, Prairie View A\&M University, Tri Alpha Energy, Inc., Rancho Santa Margarita, CA 92688, USA, Tri Alpha Energy, Tri Alpha Energy, Inc., TriAlpha Energy, Nihon University, Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton, NJ 08453, Tri Alpha Energy, Inc., P.O. 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Jie Kong

National Institute for Standards and Technology, MIT, ORISE, PPPL, National Energy Technology Laboratory, LULI, CELIA, GSI, P. N. Lebedev Physical Institute, CEA, DAM, DIF, CEA,DAM,DIF, U. S. Naval Research Laboratory, Dipartimento SBAI, Universit\`a di Roma ``La Sapienza,'' Italy, Dipartimento SBAI, Università di Roma ``La Sapienza,'' Italy, LULI, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, CEA, UPMC, Palaiseau, France, Kansai Photon Science Institute (KPSI), Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA), Kyoto, Japan, Sorbonne Universit\'es, UPMC, Paris 06, CNRS, INSP, UMR 7588, INSP, F-75005, Paris, France, USTC, University of Science and Technology of China, U Mich, Stanford University, UC Irvine, LLNL, LLE, University of Oxford, Imperial College London, Max Planck Institute, Dresden, AWE, plc., GSI Darmstadt, University of Michigan, SLAC, University of Warwick, Temple, Universidad de Salamanca, Cornell, CLPU, Univ of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, CEA/DAM/Cesta, CEA/DAM/DIF, AWE, Laboratory for Laser Energetics, CPT CNRS Luminy, IFS and UT Austin, General Atomics, Institute of Space and Plasma Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Univ of California - San Diego, Los Alamos National Laboratory, CASPER - Baylor University, CASPER - Baylor University / IRS - University of Stuttgart, PSFC, MIT, LANL, SNL, Univ of Michigan - Ann Arbor, UNR, NSTec, Chongqing University, China, Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Riverside Research, Beavercreek, OH 45432, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433, Raytheon Ktech, Albuquerque, NM 87123, S4 Inc., Fairborn, OH 45324, Riverside Research, Beavercreek, OH 45431, ILE, Osaka Univ, Sumitomo Electroc Industries, GRC, Ehime Univ., GSS, Osaka Univ., KYOKUGEN, Osaka Univ., CEA, DAM, DIF, F-91297 Arpajon, France, ILE Osaka Univ, Osaka University Graduate School of Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, CEA, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Laboratory for Laser Energetics, U. of Rochester, Laboratory for Laser Energetics and Fusion Science Center, U. of Rochester, University of Rochester Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, University of York, Lawrence Livermore National Lab, Prism Computational Sciences, Inc., Flash Center for Computational Science, University of Chicago, University of Washington, University of Hyogo, UW - Madison, IPP Greifswald, Univ of Wisconsin, Madison, HSX Plasma Laboratory, UW-Madison, University of Maryland, NIFS, HSX Plasma Lab, University of Wisconsin, University of Wisconsin-Madison, University of California, Los Angeles, HSX Plasma Lab, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, UW-Madison, Forschungszentrum Juelich, GmbH, Germany, University of Wisconsin, HSX Plasma Lab, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Auburn University, National Institute for Fusion Science, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Nagoya University, Prairie View A\&M University, Tri Alpha Energy, Inc., Rancho Santa Margarita, CA 92688, USA, Tri Alpha Energy, Tri Alpha Energy, Inc., TriAlpha Energy, Nihon University, Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton, NJ 08453, Tri Alpha Energy, Inc., P.O. Box 7010, Rancho Santa Margarita, CA 92688, SciberQuest, Inc, University of Kansas, Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, Heidelberg, Instituto Superior Tecnico, Portugal, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, USA, Ruhr-Universitat Bochum, Germany, CEA/DAM Ile de France, France, Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris, France, CELIA, Universit\'e Bordeaux 1, CEA/DAM Ile-de-France, Tech Univ Darmstadt, University of Nevada, Reno, GA, Universita Di Roma ``La Sapienza'', University of Strathclyde, University of Edinburgh, Central Laser Facility, STFC, Central Laser Facility, Queen University Belfast, University of St Andrews, Kentech Instruments Ltd., University of Alberta, U. Alberta, U. 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Lebedev Inst., Moscow, Russia, Celia, Univ. Bordeaux, France, Univ. of Rochester, LLE, Univ. of Nevada, Reno, National Fusion Research Institute, Johns Hopkins University, FOM-DIFFER, None, Helmholtz Zentrum Dresden Rossendorf, Christian-Albrechts-Universit\"at zu Kiel, ITAP, Institute for Plasma Research (IPR), India, University of California - San Diego, UMBC, MEPhI, University of Colorado, Boulder, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Tsinghua University, Beijing, IST Portugal, Tsinghua University Beijing, UMD, Potsdam University, Germany, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, University of California, Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Ulsan Natl Inst of Sci \& Tech, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute, University of Nevada at Reno, Utsunomiya University, Rice Univ, Utsunomiya Univ, University of Nevad, Center for High Energy Density Science, The University of Texas at Austin, IST, JAEA, Kashiwa, Japan, SPbU SFS EMERCOM RF, WVU, University of California San Diego, University of Maryland-College Park, IFTS, ZJU, Department of Physics, Nagoya University, CIFS, Consorzio CREATE, Universit\'e Libre de Bruxelles, UW Madison, Forschungszentrum Juelich GmbH, Germany, IPP Greifswald, Germany, CEA, IRFM, BYU, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Tsinghua University of Beijing, China, Tsinghua Univ, Max Planck Institute for Physics, University of Oslo, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Tsinghua University, UCLA, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada, Theoretical Physics Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada, INRS-EMT, Universit\'e du Qu\'{e}bec, Varennes, Canada, U. 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Cassino - CREATE, CPMI, Department of Nuclear, Plasma and Radiological Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana 61801, Department of Nuclear, Plasma and Radiological Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana 61801, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Oak Ridge National Lab, Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China, Utah State University, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, RFX, GA, San Diego, Institute for Fusion Studies, University of Texas, Austin, Laboratoire de Physique des Plasmas, Ecole Polytechnique, France, National Institute for Fusion Science, Kyoto, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Culham Science Centre, New York University, University of Science and Technology of China, University of Wisconsin-Madison, FAR-TECH Inc., Institute of Fluid Physics, Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Ecole Polytechnique, Queens University, Ohio State University, Technische Universitat Darmstadt, Jefferson Lab, Queens University of Belfast, Center for High Energy Density Science, C1510, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA, Institute for Fusion Studies, The University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712, USA, Institute for laser and plasma physics, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Germany, The John Adams Institute, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, Vacuum Electronics National Laboratory, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, University of Pisa, JAEA, JAI IC, QUB, LMU, CLF, SUPA, SUPA, University of Strathclyde, UK, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitat, Munchen, Germany, Central Laser Facility, UK, Queen's University Belfast, UK, PolyMath Research Inc., NRCN, Negev and Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Laboratory of Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, University of Kiel, Germany, CASPER, Baylor University
Jie Kong

National Institute for Standards and Technology, MIT, ORISE, PPPL, National Energy Technology Laboratory, LULI, CELIA, GSI, P. N. Lebedev Physical Institute, CEA, DAM, DIF, CEA,DAM,DIF, U. S. Naval Research Laboratory, Dipartimento SBAI, Universit\`a di Roma ``La Sapienza,'' Italy, Dipartimento SBAI, Università di Roma ``La Sapienza,'' Italy, LULI, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, CEA, UPMC, Palaiseau, France, Kansai Photon Science Institute (KPSI), Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA), Kyoto, Japan, Sorbonne Universit\'es, UPMC, Paris 06, CNRS, INSP, UMR 7588, INSP, F-75005, Paris, France, USTC, University of Science and Technology of China, U Mich, Stanford University, UC Irvine, LLNL, LLE, University of Oxford, Imperial College London, Max Planck Institute, Dresden, AWE, plc., GSI Darmstadt, University of Michigan, SLAC, University of Warwick, Temple, Universidad de Salamanca, Cornell, CLPU, Univ of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, CEA/DAM/Cesta, CEA/DAM/DIF, AWE, Laboratory for Laser Energetics, CPT CNRS Luminy, IFS and UT Austin, General Atomics, Institute of Space and Plasma Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Univ of California - San Diego, Los Alamos National Laboratory, CASPER - Baylor University, CASPER - Baylor University / IRS - University of Stuttgart, PSFC, MIT, LANL, SNL, Univ of Michigan - Ann Arbor, UNR, NSTec, Chongqing University, China, Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Riverside Research, Beavercreek, OH 45432, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433, Raytheon Ktech, Albuquerque, NM 87123, S4 Inc., Fairborn, OH 45324, Riverside Research, Beavercreek, OH 45431, ILE, Osaka Univ, Sumitomo Electroc Industries, GRC, Ehime Univ., GSS, Osaka Univ., KYOKUGEN, Osaka Univ., CEA, DAM, DIF, F-91297 Arpajon, France, ILE Osaka Univ, Osaka University Graduate School of Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, CEA, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Laboratory for Laser Energetics, U. of Rochester, Laboratory for Laser Energetics and Fusion Science Center, U. of Rochester, University of Rochester Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, University of York, Lawrence Livermore National Lab, Prism Computational Sciences, Inc., Flash Center for Computational Science, University of Chicago, University of Washington, University of Hyogo, UW - Madison, IPP Greifswald, Univ of Wisconsin, Madison, HSX Plasma Laboratory, UW-Madison, University of Maryland, NIFS, HSX Plasma Lab, University of Wisconsin, University of Wisconsin-Madison, University of California, Los Angeles, HSX Plasma Lab, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, UW-Madison, Forschungszentrum Juelich, GmbH, Germany, University of Wisconsin, HSX Plasma Lab, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Auburn University, National Institute for Fusion Science, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Nagoya University, Prairie View A\&M University, Tri Alpha Energy, Inc., Rancho Santa Margarita, CA 92688, USA, Tri Alpha Energy, Tri Alpha Energy, Inc., TriAlpha Energy, Nihon University, Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton, NJ 08453, Tri Alpha Energy, Inc., P.O. 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New Hampshire, Plasma Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Culham Labs, Lodestar Research Corp., Department of Earth and Space Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, Goteb\"org-412 96, Sweden, WCI Center for Fusion Theory, National Fusion Research Institute (NFRI), 305-333, Daejon, Korea, CEA, IRFM, F-13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France, \'{E}cole Polytechnique F\'{e}d\'{e}rale de Lausanne (EPFL) - Centre de Recherches en Physique des Plasmas (CRPP), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland, Institute of Plasma Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lawerence Livermore National Lab, Institute of Plasma Physics, CAS, Lawrence Livemrrmore National Laboratory, CASIPP, Tokai Univ, Chube Electric Power Co.Inc., CompX, LBNL, MIT - PSFC, Lincoln Labs, MIT, MIT-PSFC, USCD, ASIPP, PSFC, EPFL, ITER Organization, MIT, Oxford, Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, MPI for Plasma Physics, University of Alabama in Huntsville, U. of New Hampshire, PPPL, Princeton University, University of Texas at Austin, Rice University, Institute for Research in Electronics and Applied Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Physics Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, CA, USA, Plasma Physics, AWE, Aldermaston, UK, Colorado State University, Heinrich-Heine-Universit\"at D\"usseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-Universitat Dusseldorf, Queen's University of Belfast, Jena, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ. 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Jie Kong

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Jie Kong

National Institute for Standards and Technology, MIT, ORISE, PPPL, National Energy Technology Laboratory, LULI, CELIA, GSI, P. N. Lebedev Physical Institute, CEA, DAM, DIF, CEA,DAM,DIF, U. S. 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York, Natl Fusion Res Inst, ITER International Organization, CRPP Lausanne, ITER, UCSD, University of Toronto, Naval Research Laboratory, Icarus Research Inc., Voss Scientific Inc, Albuquerque, NM 87107, Air Force Research Laboratory, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH 45433, Univ Maryland, University of Calabria, Italy, Universidad Carlos III, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Consorzio RFX, University of Twente, Princeton University, Princeton University, CMTFO, UCSD, CMTFO, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Dartmouth College, University of New Mexico, Swarthmore College, University of California, Irvine, UCLA, University of California Los Angeles, Univ of California - Los Angeles, U. Iowa, U. New Hampshire, Plasma Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Culham Labs, Lodestar Research Corp., Department of Earth and Space Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, Goteb\"org-412 96, Sweden, WCI Center for Fusion Theory, National Fusion Research Institute (NFRI), 305-333, Daejon, Korea, CEA, IRFM, F-13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France, \'{E}cole Polytechnique F\'{e}d\'{e}rale de Lausanne (EPFL) - Centre de Recherches en Physique des Plasmas (CRPP), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland, Institute of Plasma Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lawerence Livermore National Lab, Institute of Plasma Physics, CAS, Lawrence Livemrrmore National Laboratory, CASIPP, Tokai Univ, Chube Electric Power Co.Inc., CompX, LBNL, MIT - PSFC, Lincoln Labs, MIT, MIT-PSFC, USCD, ASIPP, PSFC, EPFL, ITER Organization, MIT, Oxford, Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, MPI for Plasma Physics, University of Alabama in Huntsville, U. of New Hampshire, PPPL, Princeton University, University of Texas at Austin, Rice University, Institute for Research in Electronics and Applied Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Physics Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, CA, USA, Plasma Physics, AWE, Aldermaston, UK, Colorado State University, Heinrich-Heine-Universit\"at D\"usseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-Universitat Dusseldorf, Queen's University of Belfast, Jena, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ. Trento, AIEA, LBL, Univ. of Jena, Germany, European XFEL, Germany, CEA, France, FLASH, Germany, Osaka University, Japan, LCLS, USA, CELIA, France, IMPMC, France, IMPMC, France., LUTH, France, LULI, France, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Institut fuer Optik und Quantenelektronik, Friedrich-Schiller-Universitaet, Jena, Germany, Institut fuer Physik, Universitaet Rostock, Rostock, Germany, HED science collaboration, European XFEL, HZDR, University of Kiel, UC Berkeley, UC Davis, LUTH Observatoire, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Sandia National Lab, University of Texas, Austin, AWE plc, Indiana University, Ohio University, UCI, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Dutch Institute for Fundamental Energy Research (FOM - DIFFER), IEK-4, Forschungszentrum Juelich, Germany, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden, IPP Garching, Germany, Institute of Plasmas and Nuclear Fusion, IST, Lisbon, Portugal, IPP, Greifswald, Germany, IPP.CR, Praha 8, Czech Republic, JET-EFDA, Culham Science Center, ORNL, York Plasma Institute, Department of Physics, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, CCFE, Culham Science Centre, OX143DB, UK, York Plasma Institute, Dept. Physics, University of York, YO105DD, UK, University of California, Irvine and Zhejiang University, China, Caltech, Department of Physics, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA, University of Tokyo, ENEA, U.Hyogo, Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University, Univ. Tokyo, Tokamak Solutions, CCFE, Univ. Washington, Kyusyu Univ., The University of Tokyo, Tohoku University, UCLA Department of Physics and Astronomy, U. Wisconsin, U. Maryland, UC-Berkeley, Princeton U., SciberQuest, Kyushu University, U. Illinois, UIUC, JHU, IPP Garching, Columbia University, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, PSFC-MIT, XCEL Engineering, IPP-Garching, Princeton Plasma Physics Lab, U. of Rochester, Columbia U., Univ. Colorado, Lodestar Inc., Nova Photonics, Inc., Princeton, NJ 08540, USA, U. Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA, UC-Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA, NFRI, Daejeon, 305-806, Korea, PPPL, Princeton, NJ 08543, USA, PSFC, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA, Nova Photonics, UC-Davis, NFRI, Lehigh University, Univ. of Washington, U. of Illinois, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Dartmouth College, NH, USA, Kyoto Inst of Tech, Dipartimento di Fisica ed Astronomia dell'Universit\`a di Padova, Via Marzolo 8, Padova, Italy, Universidad Sim\'on Bol\'ivar, Caracas 1080A, Venezuela, INFN Sezione di Padova, Via Marzolo 8, Padova, Italy, Consorzio RFX, Corso Stati Uniti 4, Padova, UW-Madison, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Wheaton College (IL), Physics Department, University of Wisconsin-Madison, The University of California at Los Angeles, Auburn U., Florida A\&M University, Consorzio RFX - Padova, Pierce College Fort Steilacoom, Consorzio-RFX, UC-Irvine, Eckerd College, Institut fuer Theoretische Physik und Astrophysik, CAU Kiel, Institute for Solid State Physics and Optics, Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary, The Ohio State University, Department of Physics, University of Texas at Austin, Institute for Fusion Studies, Voss Scientific, NSTEC, CEA DAM DIF, U. Califonia, San Diego, Lodestar Research, LANL and Lodestar Research, U. of California, San Diego, IPP, DIFFER, Chalmers U., MIT Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, MIT Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, MIT/PSFC, UCSD CMTFO, U.C. San Diego, KU, Leuven, Belgium, Imperial College, London, UK, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, University of Nevada at Reno, NV 89523, (BRA), (LLE), (UCLA), (RSI), (NRL), U.S Naval Research Laboratory, Leidos, Commonwealth Technology, Research Support Instruments, Berkeley Research Associates Inc., Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University, Institute for Laser Technology, UCLA, CA, USA, Lebedev Phys. 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Inc., Osaka University, Institute of Laser Technology, University of Miyazaki, Massachusetts Inst of Tech-MIT, US Coast Guard Academy, Columbia Univ, CCFE Culham, CFSA Warwick U., MPI-PKS Dresden, ITER IO, CREATE, Seoul National U., Arizona State University, HUST, RPI, Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE), Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA, General Atomics, Post Office Box 85068, San Diego, California 92186, USA, Center for Energy Research, University of California, San Diego, Institut fur Theoretische Physik I, Heinrich-Heine-Universitat Dusseldorf, 40225 Dusseldorf, Germany, College of Science, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, USA, Ohio State Univ. / Intense Energy Solutions, LLC., Ohio State Univ. / ISSI, Univ. of Michigan / ISSI, ISSI, Fellow, National Research Council, USA, Schafer Corporation, SLAC National Accelerator Lab, Los Alamos National Lab, Imperial College of London, University of Rochester, Laboratory of Laser Energetics, Alme and Associates, Fifth Gait Technologies, Inc., U. of Texas, Austin, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, LLE, University of Rochester, Simon Fraser University, Prism Computational Sciences, Madison, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratories, Livermore, Ohio State University, Columbus, USTC, China, Auburn Univ, Auburn, AL, USA, Space Science Center and Department of Physics, University of New Hampshire, Univ of Wisconsin-Madison, Univ of Chicago, University of Iowa, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, Graduate School of Engineering, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8552, Japan, Imperial College, University of Rochester, Paris Observatory, Aerospace and Energetics Research Program, University of Washington, Aerospace \& Energetics Research Program, University of Washington, Berkeley Research Associates, Cornell University, NRTPU, IHCE in Tomsk, NPI AS CR, FEE CTU in Prague, Universidad de las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Observatoire de Paris, Department of Nuclear Engineering and Radiological Sciences, University of Michigan, Nuclear Eng. \& Rad. Sciences Department, Univ. of Michigan, Department of Physics, University of Nevada Reno, Laboratory of Plasma Studies, Cornell University, HyperV Technologies Corp., Computational Research Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Ecole Polytechnique Federal de Laussane, CWI, CRPP, EPFL, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland, Consorzio RFX, Padova, Italy, Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, Greifswald, Germany, Chalmers University of Technology (Sweden) and Aalto University (Finland), SMC, Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory and the Max-Planck/Princeton Center for Plasma Physics, Univ of Colorado - Boulder CIPS, Sandia Natl Labs, AFRL/RQRS, NRC Research Associate, ERC Inc., Coast Guard Academy Plasma Physics Laboratories, US Coast Guard Academy Plasma Lab, University of Anchorage Alaska, SUNY Geneseo, State University of New York at Geneseo, CSUSM, NRL, GSFC, Clay County High School, Clay, WV, USA, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA, Oak Ridge High School, Oak Ridge, TN, USA, Allegany High School, Cumberland, MD, USA, Wilkes Central High School, Wilkes County, NC, USA, Monroe County High School, Tompkinsville, KY, USA, Michigan State University, Air Force Research Laboratory, National Security Technologies, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, University of Maryland, College Park, Leidos Corp., Reston, VA, Center for Turbulence Research, Stanford University, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Nuclear Research Center - Negev, LULI, Ecole Polytechnique, STFC, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, LUTH Observatoire de Paris, CEA-DAM-DIF, Paris observatory, Queen Mary, University of Chicago Flash Center, University of Chicago, University of California-Santa Cruz, Plasma Physics Division, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington DC, RSI, Lanham MD, Leidos, Reston VA, Plasma Physics Division, Naval Research Laboratory, Fusion Science Center and Laboratory for Laser Energetics, U. of Rochester, Webster Schroeder High School, U. of Wisconsin, Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton University, P.O. Box 451 Princeton, New Jersey 08543-0451, HUST, China, KAIST, Culham Centre for Fusion Energy, University Observatory Munich, Princeton Univ, Tokyo Institute of Technology, GE Global Research, Physics Department, 206 Allison Laboratory, Auburn University, The University of Iowa, UNM, Univ of California - Irvine, University of Iowa Department of Physics and Astronomy, Nova Photonics, Inc., University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton University, University of Washington, Seattle, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Plasmaphysik, Princeton Institute of Computational Science and Engineering, U. of Maryland, UKAEA, FAR-TECH, Inc., U. of York, FZJ, MPI, U. Wisconsin-Madison, U. Wisc., University Carlos III de Madrid, Darthmouth College, Peking University, Research Center of Laser Fusion, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Hiroshima University, Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, University of Texas - Austin, P.N. Lebedev Inst., Moscow, Russia, Celia, Univ. Bordeaux, France, Univ. of Rochester, LLE, Univ. of Nevada, Reno, National Fusion Research Institute, Johns Hopkins University, FOM-DIFFER, None, Helmholtz Zentrum Dresden Rossendorf, Christian-Albrechts-Universit\"at zu Kiel, ITAP, Institute for Plasma Research (IPR), India, University of California - San Diego, UMBC, MEPhI, University of Colorado, Boulder, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Tsinghua University, Beijing, IST Portugal, Tsinghua University Beijing, UMD, Potsdam University, Germany, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, University of California, Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Ulsan Natl Inst of Sci \& Tech, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute, University of Nevada at Reno, Utsunomiya University, Rice Univ, Utsunomiya Univ, University of Nevad, Center for High Energy Density Science, The University of Texas at Austin, IST, JAEA, Kashiwa, Japan, SPbU SFS EMERCOM RF, WVU, University of California San Diego, University of Maryland-College Park, IFTS, ZJU, Department of Physics, Nagoya University, CIFS, Consorzio CREATE, Universit\'e Libre de Bruxelles, UW Madison, Forschungszentrum Juelich GmbH, Germany, IPP Greifswald, Germany, CEA, IRFM, BYU, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Tsinghua University of Beijing, China, Tsinghua Univ, Max Planck Institute for Physics, University of Oslo, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Tsinghua University, UCLA, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada, Theoretical Physics Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada, INRS-EMT, Universit\'e du Qu\'{e}bec, Varennes, Canada, U. Wisc.-Madison, U. Colorado-, U. Colorado-Boulder, U. Colorado, U. California San Diego, Purdue, UTIAS, University of California Irvine, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Beijing 100088, China, Research Center of Laser Fusion, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China, Research Center of Laser Fusion, Chinese Academy of Engineering Physics, SLAC Accelerator National Laboratory, Atomic Weapons Establishment, University of California Berkeley, Aarhus University, University Of Manchester And The Cockcroft Institute, Swansea University, University of California, San Diego, Technische Universit\"at M\"unchen, Ernst Moritz Arndt University of Greifswald, Dept. of Physics, Lawrence University, Appleton, WI 54911, MIT-Lincoln Labs, Wells Fargo, University of Colorado Boulder, Boeing, Directed Energy Directorate, Air Force Research Lab, West Virginia Univ, Univ. Napoli - CREATE, Univ. Cassino - CREATE, CPMI, Department of Nuclear, Plasma and Radiological Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana 61801, Department of Nuclear, Plasma and Radiological Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana 61801, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Oak Ridge National Lab, Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China, Utah State University, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, RFX, GA, San Diego, Institute for Fusion Studies, University of Texas, Austin, Laboratoire de Physique des Plasmas, Ecole Polytechnique, France, National Institute for Fusion Science, Kyoto, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Culham Science Centre, New York University, University of Science and Technology of China, University of Wisconsin-Madison, FAR-TECH Inc., Institute of Fluid Physics, Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Ecole Polytechnique, Queens University, Ohio State University, Technische Universitat Darmstadt, Jefferson Lab, Queens University of Belfast, Center for High Energy Density Science, C1510, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA, Institute for Fusion Studies, The University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712, USA, Institute for laser and plasma physics, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Germany, The John Adams Institute, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, Vacuum Electronics National Laboratory, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, University of Pisa, JAEA, JAI IC, QUB, LMU, CLF, SUPA, SUPA, University of Strathclyde, UK, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitat, Munchen, Germany, Central Laser Facility, UK, Queen's University Belfast, UK, PolyMath Research Inc., NRCN, Negev and Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Laboratory of Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, University of Kiel, Germany, CASPER, Baylor University
Jie Kong

National Institute for Standards and Technology, MIT, ORISE, PPPL, National Energy Technology Laboratory, LULI, CELIA, GSI, P. N. Lebedev Physical Institute, CEA, DAM, DIF, CEA,DAM,DIF, U. S. Naval Research Laboratory, Dipartimento SBAI, Universit\`a di Roma ``La Sapienza,'' Italy, Dipartimento SBAI, Università di Roma ``La Sapienza,'' Italy, LULI, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, CEA, UPMC, Palaiseau, France, Kansai Photon Science Institute (KPSI), Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA), Kyoto, Japan, Sorbonne Universit\'es, UPMC, Paris 06, CNRS, INSP, UMR 7588, INSP, F-75005, Paris, France, USTC, University of Science and Technology of China, U Mich, Stanford University, UC Irvine, LLNL, LLE, University of Oxford, Imperial College London, Max Planck Institute, Dresden, AWE, plc., GSI Darmstadt, University of Michigan, SLAC, University of Warwick, Temple, Universidad de Salamanca, Cornell, CLPU, Univ of Colorado, Boulder, JILA, CEA/DAM/Cesta, CEA/DAM/DIF, AWE, Laboratory for Laser Energetics, CPT CNRS Luminy, IFS and UT Austin, General Atomics, Institute of Space and Plasma Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Univ of California - San Diego, Los Alamos National Laboratory, CASPER - Baylor University, CASPER - Baylor University / IRS - University of Stuttgart, PSFC, MIT, LANL, SNL, Univ of Michigan - Ann Arbor, UNR, NSTec, Chongqing University, China, Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Riverside Research, Beavercreek, OH 45432, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433, Raytheon Ktech, Albuquerque, NM 87123, S4 Inc., Fairborn, OH 45324, Riverside Research, Beavercreek, OH 45431, ILE, Osaka Univ, Sumitomo Electroc Industries, GRC, Ehime Univ., GSS, Osaka Univ., KYOKUGEN, Osaka Univ., CEA, DAM, DIF, F-91297 Arpajon, France, ILE Osaka Univ, Osaka University Graduate School of Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, CEA, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Laboratory for Laser Energetics, U. of Rochester, Laboratory for Laser Energetics and Fusion Science Center, U. of Rochester, University of Rochester Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, University of York, Lawrence Livermore National Lab, Prism Computational Sciences, Inc., Flash Center for Computational Science, University of Chicago, University of Washington, University of Hyogo, UW - Madison, IPP Greifswald, Univ of Wisconsin, Madison, HSX Plasma Laboratory, UW-Madison, University of Maryland, NIFS, HSX Plasma Lab, University of Wisconsin, University of Wisconsin-Madison, University of California, Los Angeles, HSX Plasma Lab, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, UW-Madison, Forschungszentrum Juelich, GmbH, Germany, University of Wisconsin, HSX Plasma Lab, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Auburn University, National Institute for Fusion Science, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Nagoya University, Prairie View A\&M University, Tri Alpha Energy, Inc., Rancho Santa Margarita, CA 92688, USA, Tri Alpha Energy, Tri Alpha Energy, Inc., TriAlpha Energy, Nihon University, Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton, NJ 08453, Tri Alpha Energy, Inc., P.O. Box 7010, Rancho Santa Margarita, CA 92688, SciberQuest, Inc, University of Kansas, Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, Heidelberg, Instituto Superior Tecnico, Portugal, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, USA, Ruhr-Universitat Bochum, Germany, CEA/DAM Ile de France, France, Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris, France, CELIA, Universit\'e Bordeaux 1, CEA/DAM Ile-de-France, Tech Univ Darmstadt, University of Nevada, Reno, GA, Universita Di Roma ``La Sapienza'', University of Strathclyde, University of Edinburgh, Central Laser Facility, STFC, Central Laser Facility, Queen University Belfast, University of St Andrews, Kentech Instruments Ltd., University of Alberta, U. Alberta, U. Reno Nevada, GoLP/Instituto de Plasmas e Fusao Nuclear, Instituto Superior Tecnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal, DCTI/ISCTE Lisbon University Institute, 1649-026 Lisbon, Portugal, U. of Oxford and Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, U. of Oxford, Texas A\&M, UT Austin, The Ohio State University, Imperial Coll, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, MIT PSFC, Univ. York, Natl Fusion Res Inst, ITER International Organization, CRPP Lausanne, ITER, UCSD, University of Toronto, Naval Research Laboratory, Icarus Research Inc., Voss Scientific Inc, Albuquerque, NM 87107, Air Force Research Laboratory, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH 45433, Univ Maryland, University of Calabria, Italy, Universidad Carlos III, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Consorzio RFX, University of Twente, Princeton University, Princeton University, CMTFO, UCSD, CMTFO, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Dartmouth College, University of New Mexico, Swarthmore College, University of California, Irvine, UCLA, University of California Los Angeles, Univ of California - Los Angeles, U. Iowa, U. New Hampshire, Plasma Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Culham Labs, Lodestar Research Corp., Department of Earth and Space Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, Goteb\"org-412 96, Sweden, WCI Center for Fusion Theory, National Fusion Research Institute (NFRI), 305-333, Daejon, Korea, CEA, IRFM, F-13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France, \'{E}cole Polytechnique F\'{e}d\'{e}rale de Lausanne (EPFL) - Centre de Recherches en Physique des Plasmas (CRPP), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland, Institute of Plasma Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lawerence Livermore National Lab, Institute of Plasma Physics, CAS, Lawrence Livemrrmore National Laboratory, CASIPP, Tokai Univ, Chube Electric Power Co.Inc., CompX, LBNL, MIT - PSFC, Lincoln Labs, MIT, MIT-PSFC, USCD, ASIPP, PSFC, EPFL, ITER Organization, MIT, Oxford, Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, MPI for Plasma Physics, University of Alabama in Huntsville, U. of New Hampshire, PPPL, Princeton University, University of Texas at Austin, Rice University, Institute for Research in Electronics and Applied Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Physics Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, CA, USA, Plasma Physics, AWE, Aldermaston, UK, Colorado State University, Heinrich-Heine-Universit\"at D\"usseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-Universitat Dusseldorf, Queen's University of Belfast, Jena, Univ of California - Berkeley, Univ. Trento, AIEA, LBL, Univ. of Jena, Germany, European XFEL, Germany, CEA, France, FLASH, Germany, Osaka University, Japan, LCLS, USA, CELIA, France, IMPMC, France, IMPMC, France., LUTH, France, LULI, France, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Institut fuer Optik und Quantenelektronik, Friedrich-Schiller-Universitaet, Jena, Germany, Institut fuer Physik, Universitaet Rostock, Rostock, Germany, HED science collaboration, European XFEL, HZDR, University of Kiel, UC Berkeley, UC Davis, LUTH Observatoire, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Sandia National Lab, University of Texas, Austin, AWE plc, Indiana University, Ohio University, UCI, Univ of Illinois - Urbana, Dutch Institute for Fundamental Energy Research (FOM - DIFFER), IEK-4, Forschungszentrum Juelich, Germany, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden, IPP Garching, Germany, Institute of Plasmas and Nuclear Fusion, IST, Lisbon, Portugal, IPP, Greifswald, Germany, IPP.CR, Praha 8, Czech Republic, JET-EFDA, Culham Science Center, ORNL, York Plasma Institute, Department of Physics, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, CCFE, Culham Science Centre, OX143DB, UK, York Plasma Institute, Dept. Physics, University of York, YO105DD, UK, University of California, Irvine and Zhejiang University, China, Caltech, Department of Physics, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA, University of Tokyo, ENEA, U.Hyogo, Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University, Univ. Tokyo, Tokamak Solutions, CCFE, Univ. Washington, Kyusyu Univ., The University of Tokyo, Tohoku University, UCLA Department of Physics and Astronomy, U. Wisconsin, U. Maryland, UC-Berkeley, Princeton U., SciberQuest, Kyushu University, U. Illinois, UIUC, JHU, IPP Garching, Columbia University, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, PSFC-MIT, XCEL Engineering, IPP-Garching, Princeton Plasma Physics Lab, U. of Rochester, Columbia U., Univ. Colorado, Lodestar Inc., Nova Photonics, Inc., Princeton, NJ 08540, USA, U. Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA, UC-Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA, NFRI, Daejeon, 305-806, Korea, PPPL, Princeton, NJ 08543, USA, PSFC, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA, Nova Photonics, UC-Davis, NFRI, Lehigh University, Univ. of Washington, U. of Illinois, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Dartmouth College, NH, USA, Kyoto Inst of Tech, Dipartimento di Fisica ed Astronomia dell'Universit\`a di Padova, Via Marzolo 8, Padova, Italy, Universidad Sim\'on Bol\'ivar, Caracas 1080A, Venezuela, INFN Sezione di Padova, Via Marzolo 8, Padova, Italy, Consorzio RFX, Corso Stati Uniti 4, Padova, UW-Madison, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Wheaton College (IL), Physics Department, University of Wisconsin-Madison, The University of California at Los Angeles, Auburn U., Florida A\&M University, Consorzio RFX - Padova, Pierce College Fort Steilacoom, Consorzio-RFX, UC-Irvine, Eckerd College, Institut fuer Theoretische Physik und Astrophysik, CAU Kiel, Institute for Solid State Physics and Optics, Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary, The Ohio State University, Department of Physics, University of Texas at Austin, Institute for Fusion Studies, Voss Scientific, NSTEC, CEA DAM DIF, U. Califonia, San Diego, Lodestar Research, LANL and Lodestar Research, U. of California, San Diego, IPP, DIFFER, Chalmers U., MIT Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, MIT Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, MIT/PSFC, UCSD CMTFO, U.C. San Diego, KU, Leuven, Belgium, Imperial College, London, UK, Univ of Colorado - Boulder, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, University of Nevada at Reno, NV 89523, (BRA), (LLE), (UCLA), (RSI), (NRL), U.S Naval Research Laboratory, Leidos, Commonwealth Technology, Research Support Instruments, Berkeley Research Associates Inc., Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University, Institute for Laser Technology, UCLA, CA, USA, Lebedev Phys. 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