High Energy Plasmas Associated with Black Holes at ``Near'' and ``Far'' Distances*

The radiation emission from Shining Black Holes is most frequently observed to have non-thermal features. Therefore, relevant collective processes in plasmas surrounding or emanating from black holes and containing high-energy particles with non-thermal distributions in momentum space are considered. The case where significant temperature anisotropies are present is analyzed. In plasmas close to black holes[1] these anisotropies are shown[2] to have a critical influence on: a) the existence and characteristics of stationary plasma and field configurations; b) the excitation of magneto-gravitational modes driven by temperature anisotropies and differential rotation; c) the generation of magnetic fields over macroscopic scale distances; d) the outward transport of angular momentum. The $\gamma$-ray ``bubbles'' emerging from the disk of Our Galaxy are connected to a stream of high energy protons emerging from the central massive black hole and to the excitation of plasma modes associated with the non-thermal features of the proton distributions and providing energy to the radiation emitting electron populations. *Sponsored in part by the U.S. DOE.\\[4pt] [1] B. Coppi, \textit{A\&A}. 548, A84 (2012).\\[0pt] [2] B. Coppi, MIT-LNS HEP Report 13/01 (2013), submitted \textit{Ap. J.} (2014).