Measurement of the EOS of WDM aluminum

ORAL

Abstract

The warm dense matter (WDM) regime is one of the most uncertain in terms of our knowledge of the equation of state (EOS) of materials. This is not only because it is difficult to calculate the properties of WDM, but also because we have so little data from that parameter regime. To address this need, we are developing an experimental platform to measure the EOS of WDM. This platform relies on using the shock and release technique with the addition of non-traditional diagnostic capabilities. Our experiment platform utilizes the Omega laser to drive a very strong shock into an aluminum sample. The shock is then released into 0.2 g/cm$^{3}$ aerogel foam which is used as a pressure standard. A shock breakout measurement is used to determine the shock velocity and pressure in the foam and released sample. We have also developed an imaging x-ray Thomson spectrometer to measure Compton scattered x-rays from the released aluminum sample. This information can be used to determine the temperature and density of the released aluminum, providing the necessary measurements to determine the EOS. Simulations predict the conditions of the released aluminum will be $\sim $ solid density at 10-15 eV. We will present our experimental results of pressure measurements along with preliminary data from the imaging x-ray Thomson spectrometer.

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Authors

  • John Benage

    Los Alamos National Laboratory

  • R.J. Fonck

    Institute of Space, Astrophysical, and Plasma Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Univ. of Florida, Physics, QTP, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Institute of Energy and Climate Research - Plasma Physics, Forschungszentrum Juelich GmbH, Association EURATOM-FZJ, PRL, ANU, National Cheng Kung University, Hunan First Normal College, CEA/DAM, Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA, CEA, DAM, DIF, F-91297 Arpajon, France, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, CA 94550, USA, Texas A\&M University, Max-Planck-Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, The University of Liverpool, Space Sciences Laboratory, UC Berkeley, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Convergence Plasma Research Center, National Fusion Research Institute, Dept.of Physics, Hanyang University, Dept. of Electrical Engineering, Hanyang University, KSTAR Research Center, National Fusion Research Institute, Dept. of Electrical Engieering, Hanyang University, Los Alamos National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Voss Scientific, UCSD, UNR, GA, Atomic Weapons Establishment, LBNL, LLNL, Sandia National Laboratories, Weizmann Institute of Science, University of Texas at Austin, Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, University of Maryland, MIT, U of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Naval Research Laboratory, Air Force Research Laboratory, Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, General Atomics, National Fusion Research Institute, University of Hyogo, PPPL, University of Texas, Austin, Plasmionique, Nihon University, University of Saskatchewan, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Osaka University, Institute for Laser Technology, University of California, Los Angeles, University of Iowa, University of Washington, University of Tulsa, WVU, University of California San Diego, Auburn U., FZ, ORNL, MPI, U~Wisc.-Madison, UCLA, U. Wisc.-Madison, CPI, EFDA-JET, FAR-TECH, Inc, Columbia U., CompX, MIT PSFC, PSFC, MIT, MIT Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Dpt. Nucl. Eng., Kyoto Univ., IFS, UT, NIFS, ITER, PSFC-MIT, Laboratory for Laser Energetics, U. of Rochester, Polymath Research INC, U. of California, San Diego, Lodestar Research Corp., U. of California, Los Angeles, Laboratory for Laser Energetics and Fusion Science Center for Extreme States of Matter, U. of Rochester, CEA, CELIA, LANL, LLE U. Rochester, AWE Aldermaston, LMD-CNRS, Ecole Normale Superieure, Paris, France, Department of Computational Science and Engineering, Nagoya University, Japan, Center for Computational Science, Nagoya University, Japan, Lund University, Universit\`a di Pisa (Italy), LPP-ERM/KMS, ORISE, FZ-Juelich, CRPP-EPFL, Columbia University, Lawrence Livermore Naional Laboratory, Euratom/CCFE Fusion Association, Culham Science Centre, Consorzio RFX, Sandia National Laboratory, HyperV Technologies Corp., University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, HyperV Technologies, University of New Mexico, UNM, Prism Computational Sciences, Inc., Voss Scientific, LLC, UAHuntsville, FAR-TECH, Inc., CASPER - Baylor University, NIST, Boulder, CO 80305, University of Tokyo, Max-Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, Greifswald, Department of Physics, Lawrence University, Appleton, WI, Brigham Young University, CNRS \& CMI, Universite d'Aix-Marseille, France, CNRS, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, France, International Institude for Fusion Science - Universite de Provence, France, CEA, IRFM, France, ITER Organization, France, University of Wisconsin-Madison, SWIP, P. O. Box 432, Chengdu, China, CMTFO, CER, CASS, UCSD, CA 92093, WCI Center for Fusion Theory, NFRI, Daejeon 305-333, Korea;, CEA IFRM, UC Berkeley, U. Texas-Austin, U. Wisconsin-Madison, UKAEA, JAEA, UTIAS, U. California-Davis, IPR, ASIPP, IPP Juelich, UT-Austin, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada Terawatt Facility, Lawrence Livermore National Lab, The Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, Central Laser Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, GoLP/Inst. Plasmas and Fus\~ao Nuclear, Laborat\'orio Associado, Instituto Superior T\'ecnico, Portugal, University College London, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Colorado State University, Max Planck Institute of Radio Astronomy, Auf dem Huegel 69, 53121 Bonn, Germany, Institut fuer Photonische Technologien, Postfach 100239, 07702 Jena, Germany, Institute of Applied Physics, Friedrich-Schiller-Universitaet Jena, Max-Wien-Platz 1, 07743 Jena, Germany, Institute of Optics and Quantumelectronics, Friedrich-Schiller-Universitaet Jena, Max-Wien-Platz 1, 07743 Jena, Germany, The Ohio State University, Department of Physics, Columbus, OH 43210, USA, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, USA, Ohio State University, USCD, LLNL, MIT-PSFC, Institute for Plasma Research, India, CEA, France, Kyushu University, Japan, University d'Aix-Marseille, France, UW-Madison, Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton, NJ 08543, University of Alberta, Holon Institute of Technology, Kurita Seisakusho Co., Ltd., Tel Aviv University, The George Washington University, UES, Inc., St. Petersburg State University, AFRL, University of York, Rice University, Ecole Polytechnique, ETH Science and Technology University, Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Oxford, Princeton University, U. of Michigan, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA, IPPLM Warsaw, Voss Scientific LLC, Instituto de F\'isica, UNAM, Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, UNAM, Ecole Normale Superieure, Consultant, Philomath, OR, USA, Imperial College London, Sandia National Labs, IHCE in Tomsk, P.N.Lebedev Physical Institute, Cornell University, IPPLM, Warsaw, Poland, Czech Technical University in Prague, University of Michigan, Naval Research Labs, L3 Communications, NSTec, AWE, Kentech Instruments Ltd, LLE, SNL, UCD, Univ. Calif. Davis, Sandia National Laboratories-CA, University of California, San Diego, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory; Columbia University, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory; University of California, San Diego, U.Kansas, GSI, ILE, Osaka Univ., Department of Complexity Science and Engineering, Univ. of Tokyo, Geodynamics Research Center, Ehime Univ., Sumitomo Electric Industries Inc, Department of Earth and Space Science, Osaka Univ., KYOKUGEN, Center for Quantum Science and Technology under Extreme Conditions, Osaka Univ., Princeton U., Johns Hopkins University, Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton, NJ, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, Consorzio RFX, Padua, HRS Fusion, West Orange, NJ, Johns Hopkins, Columbia U, U. Washington, Purdue U., JHU, Third Dimension Inc., Univ. Wisconsin-Madison, Institute of Atmospheric Optics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Lebedev Physical Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences, Texas A\&M University, College Station, TX, Washington State University, Deakin University, Southeast University, Nanjing, China, Light Technology Institute of the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, LAPLACE, Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France, Surface Engineering Laboratory, Laval University, Quebec, Canada, Prism Computational Sciences, U of Michigan, NRC-Negev, Beer-Sheva Israel, University of Bordeaux, France, MPIPKS, Dresden, Germany, Lebedev Inst., Moscow, Russia, ILE, Osaka, Japan, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research, Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, University of New Hampshire, Univ. Katholique, Leuven Belgium, Univ Wisconsin, Los Alamos Natl Lab, USTC, USTC and PPPL, U. Wisconsin, Consorzio RFX, Associazione EURATOM-ENEA sulla Fusione, Padova, Italy, UMR 6633 CNRS-Universite de Provence, Marseille, France, BINP, UW Madison, Univ. of Rochester, Canadian Space Agency, Universit\'e de Montr\'eal, UC San Diego, University of Rochester, GoLP/IPFN-LA, Instituto Superior T\'ecnico, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, LULI, A. E. Inc., Institute for Fusion Studies, The University of Texas at Austin, U. of Rochester, IST, Plasma Physics Division, Naval Research Laboratory, Research Support Instruments, Artep, RSI, NRL, Plasma Physics Division, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, P.N. Lebedev Physics Institute, RAS, EXCEL Engineering, Niels Bohr Institute, Kyushu University, Toshiba Co., National Institute for Fusion Science, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, University of Maryland College Park, Computational Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Politecnico di Torino, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Austin, University of Alaska Fairbanks, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada, EURATOM-CEA DRFC CEA-Cadarache, France, PIIM-IIFS, CNRS-Universite de Provence, France, CICART, University of New Hampshire, Southwestern Institute of Physics, Sichuan University, Peking University, Univ. Washington, Center for Integrated Computation and Analysis of Reconnection and Turbulence, University of New Hampshire, ENS Cachan, Boston University, Sandia Nat. Lab., Los Alamos Nat. Lab, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM, USA, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany, Division of Plasma Physics, Naval Research Laboratory, CUOS, Univ. of Michigan, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, TU Damstadt, OSU, HZDR, Univ. Politecnica de Madrid, Los ALamos National Laboratory, UC Davis, USA, XIA, LLC, NSTech, SUNY Geneseo, ANSYS, Inc., The University of Alabama in Huntsville, University of Tromso, Norway, The University of Iowa, Institute of Theoretical Physics and Astrophysics, University Kiel, ITAP, Christian-Albrechts Universitaet zu Kiel, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, ITER-India IPR, Univ. of Texas, Univ. of Maryland, ITER-India, ITER Organization, FOM Inst. of Plasma Physics, Tech-X Corp, U. 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York, M.I.T., University of Texas at Austin, Institute for Fusion Studies, NFRI, Purdue University, Swarthmore College, UW - Madison, Oak Ridge National Laboratory; Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee-Knoxville, UT Austin, PPPL, Princeton Plasma Physics Lab, Kentech Instruments Ltd., Research Center of Laser Fusion, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Institute of Applied Physics and Computaional Mathmatics, York Plasma Institute, Uni York, UK, Uni Milano, Italy, ILIL, INO-CNR, Pisa, Italy, Uni Alberta, Canada, Osaka U, U Nevada Reno, U Alberta, U Bordeaux, RAL, Univ Alberta, Imperial College, Univ Milan, Instituto Superior Technico, Univ York, U of York, Ohio State U, U of Alberta, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, LLE, University of Rochester, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute of the Russian Academy - St. Petersburg, Russia, Florida A\&M University - Tallahassee, FL, Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska Fairbanks, University of California at Los Angeles, Tohoku University, Center for Energy Research, University of California at San Diego, Center for Momentum Transport and Flow Organization, Center for Energy Research, University of California at San Diego, MIT - PSFC, ORISE, ORNL, IPP Garching, IPP Greifswald, Corsorzio RFX, Padova, PSFC, Lodestar Research Corporation, MIT Laboratory for Nuclear Science, CEA/DAM/DIF, F-91297 Arpajon, France, Physics Department, Nuclear Research Center Negev, Beer-Sheva 84190, Israel, Departments of Mechanical Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84015, Israel, DOE, Institute of Laser Engineering, Japan, Plasma Physics Division, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington DC, HIF-VNL, LBNL, U.S.A., Varna Tech. Univ., Bulgaria, Utsunomiya Univ., Japan, Ktech Corporation, HSX Plasma Lab, University of Wisconsin, Univ. of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA, HSX Lab UW-Madison, Auburn University, University of Wisconsin, Tech-X Corporation, Utah St. University, Kyoto University, CIEMAT, IPP, Greifswald, Germany, 4, NIFS, Toki, Japan, IGNIR, ENEA, Consorzio CREATE, Un. Napoli, IGNIS, Columbus, KIAE, US ITER Project, ORNL, University of Wisconsin - Madison, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Max-Planck-Institut fur Plasmaphysik, Garching, Germany, General Electric, Princeton, Department of Physics, Nagoya University, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Univ. of New Mexico, The University of Texas at Austin, University of St Andrews, Fife, UK, GoLP/Instituto de Plasmas e Fus\~ao Nuclear, IST, Lisbon, Portugal, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, UK, UIUC, Novel Micro-Cone Target Collaboration, Center for Ultrafast Optical Science, University of Michigan, LLNL/LCLS, IAEA, Vienna, Friedrich-Schiller-Universitat, DESY, SLAC, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, IAEA, Oxford, University of Hamburg, THU, Tech-X UK Ltd., Northern Illinois University, Fermilab, LLNL/UC. Davis, U. Alberta, Canada, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA, Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA, St. Petersburg State Polytechnical University, St. Petersburg, 195251 Russia, Shanghai Institute of Laser Plasma, HCEI in Tomsk, Weizmann Institute, Imperial College, London, University of Nevada, Reno, Imperial College, London, UK, Florida A\&M University, FZD, Florida State University, Euratom/CCFE, CRPP, Torina Politecnico, Australian National University, U. Wisc-Madison, Naval Research Lab, FAMU/CEPAST, Plasma Research Laboratory, Australian National University, TAE Inc., Tri Alpha Energy Inc., University of California Davis, The University of Tokyo, WCI Center for Fusion Theory, NFRI, Daejeon, Korea, Institute for Fusion Studies, University of Texas, Department of Nuclear Engineering, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan, Assoc. EURATOM-FOM, the Netherlands, Inst. of Phys, USP, Brazil, General Atomics, San Diego, Ca , USA, CCFE/Euratom Fusion Assoc., UK, R.Peierls Centre for Theoretical Phys, Oxford Univ, UK, Associa\c{c}ao EURATOM/IST, Inst de Plasmas e Fusao Nuclear, Portugal, SWIP, China, USTC, China, University of California Los Angeles, University of Colorado Boulder, West Virginia University, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM 87185, Voss Scientific, Albuquerque, NM 87108, USA, Air Force Research Laboratory, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731, Plasma Physics Division, U. S. Naval Research Laboratory, Sotera Defense Solutions, Centre de Recherches en Physique de Plasmas, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland, UT Austin, U. of Nevada, Reno, Dept of Physics UT Austin, University of Rochester LLE, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Graduate Program of Photonics and Applied Physics, GIST, Gwangju 500-712, Korea, Advanced Photonics Research Institute, GIST, Gwangju 500-712, Korea, Electrophysics Department, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 139-701, Korea, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, UNIST, Ulsan, 689-798, Korea, UC San Diego \& LLNL, GoLP / IPFN-LA, IST Portugal, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, University of California, Los Angeles, California, UW-Madison, CMSO, UW-Madison and CMSO, UCLA, Center for Magnetic Self-Organization, Univ. of Wisconsin-Madison, UCLA, USA, Wheaton College, Wheaton, IL, USA, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI, USA, Institute of Nuclear Physics, Novosibirsk, Russia, Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics, University of Rochester, LLE, Nankai University, Tianjin, P. R. China, Consorzio RFX, Padova, Italy, PPPL, P.O. Box 451, Princeton, NJ 08543, PPPL, Princeton University, University of the German Armed Forces, Munich, University of Kansas, Univ. of Nevada Reno, Shanghai Jiaotong University, St. Petersburg University, Russia, Czech Ac., NASA-GSFC, Univ of Wisc - Madison, (LLNL), (Columbia), (UWa), (ORNL), (Purdue), (PPPL), Nova Photonics

  • R.J. Fonck

    Institute of Space, Astrophysical, and Plasma Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Univ. of Florida, Physics, QTP, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Institute of Energy and Climate Research - Plasma Physics, Forschungszentrum Juelich GmbH, Association EURATOM-FZJ, PRL, ANU, National Cheng Kung University, Hunan First Normal College, CEA/DAM, Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA, CEA, DAM, DIF, F-91297 Arpajon, France, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, CA 94550, USA, Texas A\&M University, Max-Planck-Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, The University of Liverpool, Space Sciences Laboratory, UC Berkeley, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Convergence Plasma Research Center, National Fusion Research Institute, Dept.of Physics, Hanyang University, Dept. of Electrical Engineering, Hanyang University, KSTAR Research Center, National Fusion Research Institute, Dept. of Electrical Engieering, Hanyang University, Los Alamos National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Voss Scientific, UCSD, UNR, GA, Atomic Weapons Establishment, LBNL, LLNL, Sandia National Laboratories, Weizmann Institute of Science, University of Texas at Austin, Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, University of Maryland, MIT, U of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Naval Research Laboratory, Air Force Research Laboratory, Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, General Atomics, National Fusion Research Institute, University of Hyogo, PPPL, University of Texas, Austin, Plasmionique, Nihon University, University of Saskatchewan, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Osaka University, Institute for Laser Technology, University of California, Los Angeles, University of Iowa, University of Washington, University of Tulsa, WVU, University of California San Diego, Auburn U., FZ, ORNL, MPI, U~Wisc.-Madison, UCLA, U. Wisc.-Madison, CPI, EFDA-JET, FAR-TECH, Inc, Columbia U., CompX, MIT PSFC, PSFC, MIT, MIT Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Dpt. Nucl. Eng., Kyoto Univ., IFS, UT, NIFS, ITER, PSFC-MIT, Laboratory for Laser Energetics, U. of Rochester, Polymath Research INC, U. of California, San Diego, Lodestar Research Corp., U. of California, Los Angeles, Laboratory for Laser Energetics and Fusion Science Center for Extreme States of Matter, U. of Rochester, CEA, CELIA, LANL, LLE U. Rochester, AWE Aldermaston, LMD-CNRS, Ecole Normale Superieure, Paris, France, Department of Computational Science and Engineering, Nagoya University, Japan, Center for Computational Science, Nagoya University, Japan, Lund University, Universit\`a di Pisa (Italy), LPP-ERM/KMS, ORISE, FZ-Juelich, CRPP-EPFL, Columbia University, Lawrence Livermore Naional Laboratory, Euratom/CCFE Fusion Association, Culham Science Centre, Consorzio RFX, Sandia National Laboratory, HyperV Technologies Corp., University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, HyperV Technologies, University of New Mexico, UNM, Prism Computational Sciences, Inc., Voss Scientific, LLC, UAHuntsville, FAR-TECH, Inc., CASPER - Baylor University, NIST, Boulder, CO 80305, University of Tokyo, Max-Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, Greifswald, Department of Physics, Lawrence University, Appleton, WI, Brigham Young University, CNRS \& CMI, Universite d'Aix-Marseille, France, CNRS, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, France, International Institude for Fusion Science - Universite de Provence, France, CEA, IRFM, France, ITER Organization, France, University of Wisconsin-Madison, SWIP, P. O. Box 432, Chengdu, China, CMTFO, CER, CASS, UCSD, CA 92093, WCI Center for Fusion Theory, NFRI, Daejeon 305-333, Korea;, CEA IFRM, UC Berkeley, U. Texas-Austin, U. Wisconsin-Madison, UKAEA, JAEA, UTIAS, U. California-Davis, IPR, ASIPP, IPP Juelich, UT-Austin, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada Terawatt Facility, Lawrence Livermore National Lab, The Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, Central Laser Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, GoLP/Inst. Plasmas and Fus\~ao Nuclear, Laborat\'orio Associado, Instituto Superior T\'ecnico, Portugal, University College London, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Colorado State University, Max Planck Institute of Radio Astronomy, Auf dem Huegel 69, 53121 Bonn, Germany, Institut fuer Photonische Technologien, Postfach 100239, 07702 Jena, Germany, Institute of Applied Physics, Friedrich-Schiller-Universitaet Jena, Max-Wien-Platz 1, 07743 Jena, Germany, Institute of Optics and Quantumelectronics, Friedrich-Schiller-Universitaet Jena, Max-Wien-Platz 1, 07743 Jena, Germany, The Ohio State University, Department of Physics, Columbus, OH 43210, USA, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, USA, Ohio State University, USCD, LLNL, MIT-PSFC, Institute for Plasma Research, India, CEA, France, Kyushu University, Japan, University d'Aix-Marseille, France, UW-Madison, Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton, NJ 08543, University of Alberta, Holon Institute of Technology, Kurita Seisakusho Co., Ltd., Tel Aviv University, The George Washington University, UES, Inc., St. Petersburg State University, AFRL, University of York, Rice University, Ecole Polytechnique, ETH Science and Technology University, Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Oxford, Princeton University, U. of Michigan, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA, IPPLM Warsaw, Voss Scientific LLC, Instituto de F\'isica, UNAM, Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, UNAM, Ecole Normale Superieure, Consultant, Philomath, OR, USA, Imperial College London, Sandia National Labs, IHCE in Tomsk, P.N.Lebedev Physical Institute, Cornell University, IPPLM, Warsaw, Poland, Czech Technical University in Prague, University of Michigan, Naval Research Labs, L3 Communications, NSTec, AWE, Kentech Instruments Ltd, LLE, SNL, UCD, Univ. Calif. Davis, Sandia National Laboratories-CA, University of California, San Diego, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory; Columbia University, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory; University of California, San Diego, U.Kansas, GSI, ILE, Osaka Univ., Department of Complexity Science and Engineering, Univ. of Tokyo, Geodynamics Research Center, Ehime Univ., Sumitomo Electric Industries Inc, Department of Earth and Space Science, Osaka Univ., KYOKUGEN, Center for Quantum Science and Technology under Extreme Conditions, Osaka Univ., Princeton U., Johns Hopkins University, Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton, NJ, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, Consorzio RFX, Padua, HRS Fusion, West Orange, NJ, Johns Hopkins, Columbia U, U. Washington, Purdue U., JHU, Third Dimension Inc., Univ. Wisconsin-Madison, Institute of Atmospheric Optics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Lebedev Physical Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences, Texas A\&M University, College Station, TX, Washington State University, Deakin University, Southeast University, Nanjing, China, Light Technology Institute of the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, LAPLACE, Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France, Surface Engineering Laboratory, Laval University, Quebec, Canada, Prism Computational Sciences, U of Michigan, NRC-Negev, Beer-Sheva Israel, University of Bordeaux, France, MPIPKS, Dresden, Germany, Lebedev Inst., Moscow, Russia, ILE, Osaka, Japan, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research, Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, University of New Hampshire, Univ. Katholique, Leuven Belgium, Univ Wisconsin, Los Alamos Natl Lab, USTC, USTC and PPPL, U. Wisconsin, Consorzio RFX, Associazione EURATOM-ENEA sulla Fusione, Padova, Italy, UMR 6633 CNRS-Universite de Provence, Marseille, France, BINP, UW Madison, Univ. of Rochester, Canadian Space Agency, Universit\'e de Montr\'eal, UC San Diego, University of Rochester, GoLP/IPFN-LA, Instituto Superior T\'ecnico, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, LULI, A. E. Inc., Institute for Fusion Studies, The University of Texas at Austin, U. of Rochester, IST, Plasma Physics Division, Naval Research Laboratory, Research Support Instruments, Artep, RSI, NRL, Plasma Physics Division, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, P.N. Lebedev Physics Institute, RAS, EXCEL Engineering, Niels Bohr Institute, Kyushu University, Toshiba Co., National Institute for Fusion Science, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, University of Maryland College Park, Computational Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Politecnico di Torino, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Austin, University of Alaska Fairbanks, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada, EURATOM-CEA DRFC CEA-Cadarache, France, PIIM-IIFS, CNRS-Universite de Provence, France, CICART, University of New Hampshire, Southwestern Institute of Physics, Sichuan University, Peking University, Univ. Washington, Center for Integrated Computation and Analysis of Reconnection and Turbulence, University of New Hampshire, ENS Cachan, Boston University, Sandia Nat. Lab., Los Alamos Nat. Lab, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM, USA, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany, Division of Plasma Physics, Naval Research Laboratory, CUOS, Univ. of Michigan, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, TU Damstadt, OSU, HZDR, Univ. Politecnica de Madrid, Los ALamos National Laboratory, UC Davis, USA, XIA, LLC, NSTech, SUNY Geneseo, ANSYS, Inc., The University of Alabama in Huntsville, University of Tromso, Norway, The University of Iowa, Institute of Theoretical Physics and Astrophysics, University Kiel, ITAP, Christian-Albrechts Universitaet zu Kiel, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, ITER-India IPR, Univ. of Texas, Univ. of Maryland, ITER-India, ITER Organization, FOM Inst. of Plasma Physics, Tech-X Corp, U. Wash., Utah State University, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Far-Tech Inc., Consorzio RFX, Padova - Italy, CRIOTEC Impianti (Italy), ENEA (Italy), LLNL, USA, Keldysh Institute, Russia, KFKI, Hungary, FOM, The Netherlands, CRPP/EPFL, Switzerland, U. York, M.I.T., University of Texas at Austin, Institute for Fusion Studies, NFRI, Purdue University, Swarthmore College, UW - Madison, Oak Ridge National Laboratory; Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee-Knoxville, UT Austin, PPPL, Princeton Plasma Physics Lab, Kentech Instruments Ltd., Research Center of Laser Fusion, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Institute of Applied Physics and Computaional Mathmatics, York Plasma Institute, Uni York, UK, Uni Milano, Italy, ILIL, INO-CNR, Pisa, Italy, Uni Alberta, Canada, Osaka U, U Nevada Reno, U Alberta, U Bordeaux, RAL, Univ Alberta, Imperial College, Univ Milan, Instituto Superior Technico, Univ York, U of York, Ohio State U, U of Alberta, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, LLE, University of Rochester, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute of the Russian Academy - St. Petersburg, Russia, Florida A\&M University - Tallahassee, FL, Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska Fairbanks, University of California at Los Angeles, Tohoku University, Center for Energy Research, University of California at San Diego, Center for Momentum Transport and Flow Organization, Center for Energy Research, University of California at San Diego, MIT - PSFC, ORISE, ORNL, IPP Garching, IPP Greifswald, Corsorzio RFX, Padova, PSFC, Lodestar Research Corporation, MIT Laboratory for Nuclear Science, CEA/DAM/DIF, F-91297 Arpajon, France, Physics Department, Nuclear Research Center Negev, Beer-Sheva 84190, Israel, Departments of Mechanical Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84015, Israel, DOE, Institute of Laser Engineering, Japan, Plasma Physics Division, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington DC, HIF-VNL, LBNL, U.S.A., Varna Tech. Univ., Bulgaria, Utsunomiya Univ., Japan, Ktech Corporation, HSX Plasma Lab, University of Wisconsin, Univ. of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA, HSX Lab UW-Madison, Auburn University, University of Wisconsin, Tech-X Corporation, Utah St. University, Kyoto University, CIEMAT, IPP, Greifswald, Germany, 4, NIFS, Toki, Japan, IGNIR, ENEA, Consorzio CREATE, Un. Napoli, IGNIS, Columbus, KIAE, US ITER Project, ORNL, University of Wisconsin - Madison, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Max-Planck-Institut fur Plasmaphysik, Garching, Germany, General Electric, Princeton, Department of Physics, Nagoya University, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Univ. of New Mexico, The University of Texas at Austin, University of St Andrews, Fife, UK, GoLP/Instituto de Plasmas e Fus\~ao Nuclear, IST, Lisbon, Portugal, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, UK, UIUC, Novel Micro-Cone Target Collaboration, Center for Ultrafast Optical Science, University of Michigan, LLNL/LCLS, IAEA, Vienna, Friedrich-Schiller-Universitat, DESY, SLAC, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, IAEA, Oxford, University of Hamburg, THU, Tech-X UK Ltd., Northern Illinois University, Fermilab, LLNL/UC. Davis, U. Alberta, Canada, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA, Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA, St. Petersburg State Polytechnical University, St. Petersburg, 195251 Russia, Shanghai Institute of Laser Plasma, HCEI in Tomsk, Weizmann Institute, Imperial College, London, University of Nevada, Reno, Imperial College, London, UK, Florida A\&M University, FZD, Florida State University, Euratom/CCFE, CRPP, Torina Politecnico, Australian National University, U. Wisc-Madison, Naval Research Lab, FAMU/CEPAST, Plasma Research Laboratory, Australian National University, TAE Inc., Tri Alpha Energy Inc., University of California Davis, The University of Tokyo, WCI Center for Fusion Theory, NFRI, Daejeon, Korea, Institute for Fusion Studies, University of Texas, Department of Nuclear Engineering, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan, Assoc. EURATOM-FOM, the Netherlands, Inst. of Phys, USP, Brazil, General Atomics, San Diego, Ca , USA, CCFE/Euratom Fusion Assoc., UK, R.Peierls Centre for Theoretical Phys, Oxford Univ, UK, Associa\c{c}ao EURATOM/IST, Inst de Plasmas e Fusao Nuclear, Portugal, SWIP, China, USTC, China, University of California Los Angeles, University of Colorado Boulder, West Virginia University, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM 87185, Voss Scientific, Albuquerque, NM 87108, USA, Air Force Research Laboratory, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731, Plasma Physics Division, U. S. Naval Research Laboratory, Sotera Defense Solutions, Centre de Recherches en Physique de Plasmas, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland, UT Austin, U. of Nevada, Reno, Dept of Physics UT Austin, University of Rochester LLE, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Graduate Program of Photonics and Applied Physics, GIST, Gwangju 500-712, Korea, Advanced Photonics Research Institute, GIST, Gwangju 500-712, Korea, Electrophysics Department, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 139-701, Korea, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, UNIST, Ulsan, 689-798, Korea, UC San Diego \& LLNL, GoLP / IPFN-LA, IST Portugal, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, University of California, Los Angeles, California, UW-Madison, CMSO, UW-Madison and CMSO, UCLA, Center for Magnetic Self-Organization, Univ. of Wisconsin-Madison, UCLA, USA, Wheaton College, Wheaton, IL, USA, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI, USA, Institute of Nuclear Physics, Novosibirsk, Russia, Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics, University of Rochester, LLE, Nankai University, Tianjin, P. R. China, Consorzio RFX, Padova, Italy, PPPL, P.O. Box 451, Princeton, NJ 08543, PPPL, Princeton University, University of the German Armed Forces, Munich, University of Kansas, Univ. of Nevada Reno, Shanghai Jiaotong University, St. Petersburg University, Russia, Czech Ac., NASA-GSFC, Univ of Wisc - Madison, (LLNL), (Columbia), (UWa), (ORNL), (Purdue), (PPPL), Nova Photonics

  • R.J. Fonck

    Institute of Space, Astrophysical, and Plasma Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Univ. of Florida, Physics, QTP, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Institute of Energy and Climate Research - Plasma Physics, Forschungszentrum Juelich GmbH, Association EURATOM-FZJ, PRL, ANU, National Cheng Kung University, Hunan First Normal College, CEA/DAM, Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA, CEA, DAM, DIF, F-91297 Arpajon, France, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, CA 94550, USA, Texas A\&M University, Max-Planck-Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, The University of Liverpool, Space Sciences Laboratory, UC Berkeley, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Convergence Plasma Research Center, National Fusion Research Institute, Dept.of Physics, Hanyang University, Dept. of Electrical Engineering, Hanyang University, KSTAR Research Center, National Fusion Research Institute, Dept. of Electrical Engieering, Hanyang University, Los Alamos National Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Voss Scientific, UCSD, UNR, GA, Atomic Weapons Establishment, LBNL, LLNL, Sandia National Laboratories, Weizmann Institute of Science, University of Texas at Austin, Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, University of Maryland, MIT, U of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Naval Research Laboratory, Air Force Research Laboratory, Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, General Atomics, National Fusion Research Institute, University of Hyogo, PPPL, University of Texas, Austin, Plasmionique, Nihon University, University of Saskatchewan, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Osaka University, Institute for Laser Technology, University of California, Los Angeles, University of Iowa, University of Washington, University of Tulsa, WVU, University of California San Diego, Auburn U., FZ, ORNL, MPI, U~Wisc.-Madison, UCLA, U. Wisc.-Madison, CPI, EFDA-JET, FAR-TECH, Inc, Columbia U., CompX, MIT PSFC, PSFC, MIT, MIT Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Dpt. Nucl. Eng., Kyoto Univ., IFS, UT, NIFS, ITER, PSFC-MIT, Laboratory for Laser Energetics, U. of Rochester, Polymath Research INC, U. of California, San Diego, Lodestar Research Corp., U. of California, Los Angeles, Laboratory for Laser Energetics and Fusion Science Center for Extreme States of Matter, U. of Rochester, CEA, CELIA, LANL, LLE U. Rochester, AWE Aldermaston, LMD-CNRS, Ecole Normale Superieure, Paris, France, Department of Computational Science and Engineering, Nagoya University, Japan, Center for Computational Science, Nagoya University, Japan, Lund University, Universit\`a di Pisa (Italy), LPP-ERM/KMS, ORISE, FZ-Juelich, CRPP-EPFL, Columbia University, Lawrence Livermore Naional Laboratory, Euratom/CCFE Fusion Association, Culham Science Centre, Consorzio RFX, Sandia National Laboratory, HyperV Technologies Corp., University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, HyperV Technologies, University of New Mexico, UNM, Prism Computational Sciences, Inc., Voss Scientific, LLC, UAHuntsville, FAR-TECH, Inc., CASPER - Baylor University, NIST, Boulder, CO 80305, University of Tokyo, Max-Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, Greifswald, Department of Physics, Lawrence University, Appleton, WI, Brigham Young University, CNRS \& CMI, Universite d'Aix-Marseille, France, CNRS, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, France, International Institude for Fusion Science - Universite de Provence, France, CEA, IRFM, France, ITER Organization, France, University of Wisconsin-Madison, SWIP, P. O. Box 432, Chengdu, China, CMTFO, CER, CASS, UCSD, CA 92093, WCI Center for Fusion Theory, NFRI, Daejeon 305-333, Korea;, CEA IFRM, UC Berkeley, U. Texas-Austin, U. Wisconsin-Madison, UKAEA, JAEA, UTIAS, U. California-Davis, IPR, ASIPP, IPP Juelich, UT-Austin, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada Terawatt Facility, Lawrence Livermore National Lab, The Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, Central Laser Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, GoLP/Inst. Plasmas and Fus\~ao Nuclear, Laborat\'orio Associado, Instituto Superior T\'ecnico, Portugal, University College London, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, Colorado State University, Max Planck Institute of Radio Astronomy, Auf dem Huegel 69, 53121 Bonn, Germany, Institut fuer Photonische Technologien, Postfach 100239, 07702 Jena, Germany, Institute of Applied Physics, Friedrich-Schiller-Universitaet Jena, Max-Wien-Platz 1, 07743 Jena, Germany, Institute of Optics and Quantumelectronics, Friedrich-Schiller-Universitaet Jena, Max-Wien-Platz 1, 07743 Jena, Germany, The Ohio State University, Department of Physics, Columbus, OH 43210, USA, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, USA, Ohio State University, USCD, LLNL, MIT-PSFC, Institute for Plasma Research, India, CEA, France, Kyushu University, Japan, University d'Aix-Marseille, France, UW-Madison, Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton, NJ 08543, University of Alberta, Holon Institute of Technology, Kurita Seisakusho Co., Ltd., Tel Aviv University, The George Washington University, UES, Inc., St. Petersburg State University, AFRL, University of York, Rice University, Ecole Polytechnique, ETH Science and Technology University, Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Oxford, Princeton University, U. of Michigan, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA, IPPLM Warsaw, Voss Scientific LLC, Instituto de F\'isica, UNAM, Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, UNAM, Ecole Normale Superieure, Consultant, Philomath, OR, USA, Imperial College London, Sandia National Labs, IHCE in Tomsk, P.N.Lebedev Physical Institute, Cornell University, IPPLM, Warsaw, Poland, Czech Technical University in Prague, University of Michigan, Naval Research Labs, L3 Communications, NSTec, AWE, Kentech Instruments Ltd, LLE, SNL, UCD, Univ. Calif. Davis, Sandia National Laboratories-CA, University of California, San Diego, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory; Columbia University, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory; University of California, San Diego, U.Kansas, GSI, ILE, Osaka Univ., Department of Complexity Science and Engineering, Univ. of Tokyo, Geodynamics Research Center, Ehime Univ., Sumitomo Electric Industries Inc, Department of Earth and Space Science, Osaka Univ., KYOKUGEN, Center for Quantum Science and Technology under Extreme Conditions, Osaka Univ., Princeton U., Johns Hopkins University, Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton, NJ, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, Consorzio RFX, Padua, HRS Fusion, West Orange, NJ, Johns Hopkins, Columbia U, U. Washington, Purdue U., JHU, Third Dimension Inc., Univ. Wisconsin-Madison, Institute of Atmospheric Optics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Lebedev Physical Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences, Texas A\&M University, College Station, TX, Washington State University, Deakin University, Southeast University, Nanjing, China, Light Technology Institute of the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, LAPLACE, Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France, Surface Engineering Laboratory, Laval University, Quebec, Canada, Prism Computational Sciences, U of Michigan, NRC-Negev, Beer-Sheva Israel, University of Bordeaux, France, MPIPKS, Dresden, Germany, Lebedev Inst., Moscow, Russia, ILE, Osaka, Japan, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research, Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, University of New Hampshire, Univ. Katholique, Leuven Belgium, Univ Wisconsin, Los Alamos Natl Lab, USTC, USTC and PPPL, U. Wisconsin, Consorzio RFX, Associazione EURATOM-ENEA sulla Fusione, Padova, Italy, UMR 6633 CNRS-Universite de Provence, Marseille, France, BINP, UW Madison, Univ. of Rochester, Canadian Space Agency, Universit\'e de Montr\'eal, UC San Diego, University of Rochester, GoLP/IPFN-LA, Instituto Superior T\'ecnico, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, LULI, A. E. Inc., Institute for Fusion Studies, The University of Texas at Austin, U. of Rochester, IST, Plasma Physics Division, Naval Research Laboratory, Research Support Instruments, Artep, RSI, NRL, Plasma Physics Division, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, P.N. Lebedev Physics Institute, RAS, EXCEL Engineering, Niels Bohr Institute, Kyushu University, Toshiba Co., National Institute for Fusion Science, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, University of Maryland College Park, Computational Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Politecnico di Torino, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne, Department of Physics \& Astronomy, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Austin, University of Alaska Fairbanks, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada, EURATOM-CEA DRFC CEA-Cadarache, France, PIIM-IIFS, CNRS-Universite de Provence, France, CICART, University of New Hampshire, Southwestern Institute of Physics, Sichuan University, Peking University, Univ. Washington, Center for Integrated Computation and Analysis of Reconnection and Turbulence, University of New Hampshire, ENS Cachan, Boston University, Sandia Nat. Lab., Los Alamos Nat. Lab, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM, USA, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany, Division of Plasma Physics, Naval Research Laboratory, CUOS, Univ. of Michigan, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, TU Damstadt, OSU, HZDR, Univ. Politecnica de Madrid, Los ALamos National Laboratory, UC Davis, USA, XIA, LLC, NSTech, SUNY Geneseo, ANSYS, Inc., The University of Alabama in Huntsville, University of Tromso, Norway, The University of Iowa, Institute of Theoretical Physics and Astrophysics, University Kiel, ITAP, Christian-Albrechts Universitaet zu Kiel, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, ITER-India IPR, Univ. of Texas, Univ. of Maryland, ITER-India, ITER Organization, FOM Inst. of Plasma Physics, Tech-X Corp, U. Wash., Utah State University, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Far-Tech Inc., Consorzio RFX, Padova - Italy, CRIOTEC Impianti (Italy), ENEA (Italy), LLNL, USA, Keldysh Institute, Russia, KFKI, Hungary, FOM, The Netherlands, CRPP/EPFL, Switzerland, U. York, M.I.T., University of Texas at Austin, Institute for Fusion Studies, NFRI, Purdue University, Swarthmore College, UW - Madison, Oak Ridge National Laboratory; Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee-Knoxville, UT Austin, PPPL, Princeton Plasma Physics Lab, Kentech Instruments Ltd., Research Center of Laser Fusion, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Institute of Applied Physics and Computaional Mathmatics, York Plasma Institute, Uni York, UK, Uni Milano, Italy, ILIL, INO-CNR, Pisa, Italy, Uni Alberta, Canada, Osaka U, U Nevada Reno, U Alberta, U Bordeaux, RAL, Univ Alberta, Imperial College, Univ Milan, Instituto Superior Technico, Univ York, U of York, Ohio State U, U of Alberta, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, LLE, University of Rochester, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute of the Russian Academy - St. Petersburg, Russia, Florida A\&M University - Tallahassee, FL, Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska Fairbanks, University of California at Los Angeles, Tohoku University, Center for Energy Research, University of California at San Diego, Center for Momentum Transport and Flow Organization, Center for Energy Research, University of California at San Diego, MIT - PSFC, ORISE, ORNL, IPP Garching, IPP Greifswald, Corsorzio RFX, Padova, PSFC, Lodestar Research Corporation, MIT Laboratory for Nuclear Science, CEA/DAM/DIF, F-91297 Arpajon, France, Physics Department, Nuclear Research Center Negev, Beer-Sheva 84190, Israel, Departments of Mechanical Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84015, Israel, DOE, Institute of Laser Engineering, Japan, Plasma Physics Division, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington DC, HIF-VNL, LBNL, U.S.A., Varna Tech. Univ., Bulgaria, Utsunomiya Univ., Japan, Ktech Corporation, HSX Plasma Lab, University of Wisconsin, Univ. of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA, HSX Lab UW-Madison, Auburn University, University of Wisconsin, Tech-X Corporation, Utah St. University, Kyoto University, CIEMAT, IPP, Greifswald, Germany, 4, NIFS, Toki, Japan, IGNIR, ENEA, Consorzio CREATE, Un. Napoli, IGNIS, Columbus, KIAE, US ITER Project, ORNL, University of Wisconsin - Madison, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Max-Planck-Institut fur Plasmaphysik, Garching, Germany, General Electric, Princeton, Department of Physics, Nagoya University, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Univ. of New Mexico, The University of Texas at Austin, University of St Andrews, Fife, UK, GoLP/Instituto de Plasmas e Fus\~ao Nuclear, IST, Lisbon, Portugal, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, UK, UIUC, Novel Micro-Cone Target Collaboration, Center for Ultrafast Optical Science, University of Michigan, LLNL/LCLS, IAEA, Vienna, Friedrich-Schiller-Universitat, DESY, SLAC, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, IAEA, Oxford, University of Hamburg, THU, Tech-X UK Ltd., Northern Illinois University, Fermilab, LLNL/UC. Davis, U. Alberta, Canada, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA, Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA, St. Petersburg State Polytechnical University, St. Petersburg, 195251 Russia, Shanghai Institute of Laser Plasma, HCEI in Tomsk, Weizmann Institute, Imperial College, London, University of Nevada, Reno, Imperial College, London, UK, Florida A\&M University, FZD, Florida State University, Euratom/CCFE, CRPP, Torina Politecnico, Australian National University, U. Wisc-Madison, Naval Research Lab, FAMU/CEPAST, Plasma Research Laboratory, Australian National University, TAE Inc., Tri Alpha Energy Inc., University of California Davis, The University of Tokyo, WCI Center for Fusion Theory, NFRI, Daejeon, Korea, Institute for Fusion Studies, University of Texas, Department of Nuclear Engineering, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan, Assoc. EURATOM-FOM, the Netherlands, Inst. of Phys, USP, Brazil, General Atomics, San Diego, Ca , USA, CCFE/Euratom Fusion Assoc., UK, R.Peierls Centre for Theoretical Phys, Oxford Univ, UK, Associa\c{c}ao EURATOM/IST, Inst de Plasmas e Fusao Nuclear, Portugal, SWIP, China, USTC, China, University of California Los Angeles, University of Colorado Boulder, West Virginia University, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM 87185, Voss Scientific, Albuquerque, NM 87108, USA, Air Force Research Laboratory, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731, Plasma Physics Division, U. S. Naval Research Laboratory, Sotera Defense Solutions, Centre de Recherches en Physique de Plasmas, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland, UT Austin, U. of Nevada, Reno, Dept of Physics UT Austin, University of Rochester LLE, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Graduate Program of Photonics and Applied Physics, GIST, Gwangju 500-712, Korea, Advanced Photonics Research Institute, GIST, Gwangju 500-712, Korea, Electrophysics Department, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 139-701, Korea, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, UNIST, Ulsan, 689-798, Korea, UC San Diego \& LLNL, GoLP / IPFN-LA, IST Portugal, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, University of California, Los Angeles, California, UW-Madison, CMSO, UW-Madison and CMSO, UCLA, Center for Magnetic Self-Organization, Univ. of Wisconsin-Madison, UCLA, USA, Wheaton College, Wheaton, IL, USA, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI, USA, Institute of Nuclear Physics, Novosibirsk, Russia, Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics, University of Rochester, LLE, Nankai University, Tianjin, P. R. China, Consorzio RFX, Padova, Italy, PPPL, P.O. Box 451, Princeton, NJ 08543, PPPL, Princeton University, University of the German Armed Forces, Munich, University of Kansas, Univ. of Nevada Reno, Shanghai Jiaotong University, St. Petersburg University, Russia, Czech Ac., NASA-GSFC, Univ of Wisc - Madison, (LLNL), (Columbia), (UWa), (ORNL), (Purdue), (PPPL), Nova Photonics