Fast ignitor target studies for HiPER

Recently, a European collaboration has proposed the HiPER facility [1], aimed at the demonstration of laser driven inertial fusion fast ignition. According to the present design, HiPER will have a 3$\omega $, multi-beam, multi-ns-pulse of about 250 kJ and a 2$\omega $ or 3$\omega $ ignition beam delivering 70 kJ in about 15 ps. In this talk, we present studies on fast-ignitor targets directly driven by 100-300 kJ compression pulses, followed by 70-100 kJ ignition pulses. First, we discuss ignition and compression requirements, and present gain curves, based on a model including ablative drive, compression, ignition and burn, and taking the coupling efficiency $\eta _{ig}$ of the igniting beam as a parameter. It turns out that ignition and moderate gain (up to 100) can be achieved, provided that adiabat shaping is used in the compression and the efficiency $\eta _{ig}$ exceeds 20{\%}. According to present understanding, a 2$\omega $ ignition beam is required to make the hot-electron range comparable to the desired size of the hot spot. A reference target family is then presented, based on 1-D fluid simulation of compression, and 2-D fluid and hybrid simulations of fast electron transport, ignition and burn. The sensitivity to compression pulse shape, as well as to hot-electron source location, hot electron range and beam divergence is also discussed. Models and perturbation codes have been used to study the Rayleigh-Taylor instability. Crucial issues that have so far not been studied in detail include high convergence cone-guided implosions, the generation of the hot electron beam and its transport in low-to-moderate density plasmas. However, we have begun studying the hydrodynamics of cone-guided targets with model hydrodynamics simulations and we are tackling aspects of intense laser interaction, hot electron generation and transport with PIC codes. [1] M. Dunne, Nature Phys., \textbf{2}, 2 (2006); HiPER Technical Design Report: http://www.hiper-laser.org/overview/TDR/tdr.asp