High pressure melt curve and yield strength of high-density carbon

Single and double shock temperature measurements have been used to map the melt curve of high-density carbon (diamond) from 6 to $\sim $23 Mbars. Combining temperature and Hugoniot measurements of the high-density fluid reveal carbon melts from the diamond phase to a chemically complex, perhaps polymeric carbon phase. Ultra-high density states of carbon well off of the diamond Hugoniot have been explored using ramp wave compression techniques. These ramp wave experiments have compressed carbon to the highest pressure solid ever studied and were used to map the stress strain of carbon to a stress of $\sim $ 10 Mbars. Finally, the yield strength of single, micro, and nano-crystalline carbon have been measured to several Mbars revealing an ultra-high, rate-dependent, and orientation dependent elastic limit ranging between 60 and 200 GPa. These measurements have been used to constrain equation of state and strength models used for designing ICF capsules with high-density carbon ablators.