Hohlraum Simulations for Symergy Capsules

POSTER

Abstract

The use of a single capsule implosion within a hohlraum to provide information on both the asymmetry of the radiation drive impinging on the capsule and the total energy absorbed by it has led to the concept of experiments with ``symergy'' capsules.\footnote{ N. M. Hoffman, D. C. Wilson, and G. A. Kyrala, 2006 High-Temperature Diagnostics Conference, May 2006, Williamsburg, VA USA, to appear in \textit{Rev Sci Inst.} \textbf{77} (2006)} We present simulations for planned shots at Omega with hohlraum drive approximating the first 6 ns of the actual NIF ignition drive and surrogate capsules for the NIF ignition capsule. The hohlraum modeling can assess the effects of hohlraum gas fill, laser timing variations and beam pointings. In addition to its immediate design use, it should be useful in validating both the predictive capability for observed symergy capsule responses and the modeling of the initial stage of the NIF ignition process.

Authors

  • S.R. Goldman

  • A.V. Maximov

    Los Alamos National Laboratory, Kyoto University, JAEA, University of Maryland, SPbU, AFRL, Drexel University, University of California, Irvine, General Physics Institute, RAS, Moscow, College of Science and Technology, Nihon University, Naval Research Laboratory, ASI Robicon, Italy, Ansaldo-Ricerche, Italy, CESI, Italy, GRTN, Italy, ENEA, Italy, Ansaldo, Italy, KM, Germany, UCSD, USA, Ruhr-Universitaet Bochum, Germany, Utsunomiya University, Japan, Fudan University, Univerity Greifswald, Ecole Polytechnique, Sandia National Laboratory, Oxford University, Oxford, UK, Instituto Superior Tecnico, Lisbon, Portugal, CCLRC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Christian-Albrechts Universit\"at, Kiel, Germany, Dept. of Physics \& Astronomy, University of Iowa, USA, UNR, Bochum U., LBNL, LLE, University of Rochester, PPPL, University of Rochester, MIT, LLNL, FAR-TECH Inc., Plasma Physics Division, NRL, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, CompX, EURATON/UKAEA Fusion Assoc.-Culham, Laboratory of Plasma Studies, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM, SNL, Kurchatov Institute, Moscow, Russia, SciberQuest, Inc/UCSD, FAR-TECH, Inc., Gunma University, Nihon University, Institut of Physics,University Greifswald, Germany, Institute for High Energy Densities, Moscow, Russia, Inst. Theoretical Physics and Astrophysics, Univ Kiel, Germany, Inst Theoretische Physik und Astrophysik, Universitaet Kiel, Germany, Inst. Theoretical Physics and Astrophysics, University Kiel, Germany, Institut fur Theoretische Physik I, Heinrich-Heine-Universit\"{a}t, 40225 Dusseldorf, Germany, Laboratoire d'Optique Appliqu\'{e}e, ENSTA, CNRS UMR7639, Ecole Polytechnique, Chemin de la Huni\`{e}re, 91761 Palaiseau, France, Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Japan, Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry, Japan, Advanced Photon Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Japan, CUOS, U. of. Mich., LOA, Dep. Rad. Oncology, U. of. Mich., Phys. Inst., RAS, Physics Dept., MS-220, Univ. of Nevada, Dipartimento di Energetica, Univ. di Roma 1 ``La Sapienza", Roma, Italy, Centre de Physique Theorique, CNRS-Ecole Polytechnique, France, Istituto Nazionale per la Fisica della Materia and Dipartimento di Fisica "Enrico Fermi", Universita di Pisa, Italy, Institut fur Laser-und Plasmaphysik, Heinrich-Heine-Universitat, Germany, School of Mathematics and Physics, The Queen's Univ. of Belfast, UK, Laboratoire pour l’Utilisation des Lasers Intenses, CNRS-CEA-Ecole Polytecnique-Univ., France, Fox Chase Cancer Center, FOCUS, University of Michigan; University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Los Alamos National Lab, Queens University Belfast, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Ecole Polytechnique, LULI, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Moscow State University, IST, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Nevada, Reno, Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Graduate School for the Creation of New Photnics Industries, Oxford University, CEA, LULI, CELIA, Universite Bordeaux, UCSD, U. Alberta, Laboratory for Laser Energetics, U. of Rochester, NRL, AWE Aldermaston, Laboratory for Laser Energetics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Nevada, Reno, U. of Nevada, Reno, PSFC, MIT, The Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College, London SW7 2BW, UK, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), University of Hyogo, Nihon UNiversity, Univ. of New Mexico, University of Missouri-Columbia, Politecnico di Torino, Italy, Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, University of Alabama, Huntsville AL, NASA/Maarshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL, Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton, NJ, USA, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada, Department of Physics, Rollins College, White Park, Florida 32789, Department of Physics, Auburn University, 206 Allison Laboratory, Auburn, Alabama 36949-5311, Tohoku University, Japan, Center for Plasma Edge Simulation, Univ. of Colorado, Boulder, Univ. Maryland, Univ. Delaware, Resource Systems Group, Inc, IPP Garching, GA, U of MD, Dartmouth College, UC-Berkeley, Cambridge University, U.C.S.D., Hitachi Kokusai Electric Inc., Japan, National Institute for Fusion Science, Japan, GoLP/CFP, Instituto Superior T\'ecnico, Portugal, University of California Los Angeles, CA 900095, U.S.A., GoLP/CFP, Instituto Superior Tecnico, Lisboa, Portugal, USC, University of Colorado at Boulder, Courant Institute, New York University, New York, U.S.A., U. Colorado Boulder CIPS, Princeton Plasma Physics Lab., Swedish Institute for Physics, Sweden, Max-Planck Institute, Garching, Germany, Imperial College, UK, University of New Hampshire, USA, National Astronomical Observatory, Japan, Max-Planck Institute, Lindau, Germany, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic, University of New Hampshire, University of Copenhagen, Denmark, Space Science Center, University of New Hampshire, USA, Center for Magnetic Self-organization, PPPL, Princeton U, Princeton NJ 08543, University of Iowa, Dalian University of Technology, Utah State Univeristy, Advanced Technology Division, SFA Inc., Plasma Physics Division, Naval Research Laboratory, IEAP, University Kiel, Olshausenstr. 40-60, 24098 Kiel, Germany, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Nagoya University, National Institute for Fusion Science, IPP, Garching, IPP, FZ Juelich, FOM, Riso, ORNL, Oak Ridge, TN, MIT, Cambridge, MA, PPPL, Princeton, NJ, ORNL, Lodestar Research Corporation, MIT, Cambridge MA, USA, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Madrid, Spain, Associazione Euratom-ENEA sulla Fusione, CR Frascati, Roma, Italy, Associazione Euratom-CNR sulla Fusione, IFP-CNR, Milano, Italy, University of Maryland, College Park, HyperV Technologies Corp., Institute for Research in Electronics and Applied Physics (IREAP), University of Maryland, College Park, Aerospace and Energetics Research Program, University of Washington, Plasma Research Centre, Univ. of Tsukuba, MIT PSFC, Columbia University, MIT Plasma Science \& Fusion Center, Kyusyu Univ., Nihon Univ., Univ. 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  • A.V. Maximov

    Los Alamos National Laboratory, Kyoto University, JAEA, University of Maryland, SPbU, AFRL, Drexel University, University of California, Irvine, General Physics Institute, RAS, Moscow, College of Science and Technology, Nihon University, Naval Research Laboratory, ASI Robicon, Italy, Ansaldo-Ricerche, Italy, CESI, Italy, GRTN, Italy, ENEA, Italy, Ansaldo, Italy, KM, Germany, UCSD, USA, Ruhr-Universitaet Bochum, Germany, Utsunomiya University, Japan, Fudan University, Univerity Greifswald, Ecole Polytechnique, Sandia National Laboratory, Oxford University, Oxford, UK, Instituto Superior Tecnico, Lisbon, Portugal, CCLRC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Christian-Albrechts Universit\"at, Kiel, Germany, Dept. of Physics \& Astronomy, University of Iowa, USA, UNR, Bochum U., LBNL, LLE, University of Rochester, PPPL, University of Rochester, MIT, LLNL, FAR-TECH Inc., Plasma Physics Division, NRL, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, CompX, EURATON/UKAEA Fusion Assoc.-Culham, Laboratory of Plasma Studies, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM, SNL, Kurchatov Institute, Moscow, Russia, SciberQuest, Inc/UCSD, FAR-TECH, Inc., Gunma University, Nihon University, Institut of Physics,University Greifswald, Germany, Institute for High Energy Densities, Moscow, Russia, Inst. Theoretical Physics and Astrophysics, Univ Kiel, Germany, Inst Theoretische Physik und Astrophysik, Universitaet Kiel, Germany, Inst. Theoretical Physics and Astrophysics, University Kiel, Germany, Institut fur Theoretische Physik I, Heinrich-Heine-Universit\"{a}t, 40225 Dusseldorf, Germany, Laboratoire d'Optique Appliqu\'{e}e, ENSTA, CNRS UMR7639, Ecole Polytechnique, Chemin de la Huni\`{e}re, 91761 Palaiseau, France, Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Japan, Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry, Japan, Advanced Photon Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Japan, CUOS, U. of. Mich., LOA, Dep. Rad. Oncology, U. of. Mich., Phys. Inst., RAS, Physics Dept., MS-220, Univ. of Nevada, Dipartimento di Energetica, Univ. di Roma 1 ``La Sapienza", Roma, Italy, Centre de Physique Theorique, CNRS-Ecole Polytechnique, France, Istituto Nazionale per la Fisica della Materia and Dipartimento di Fisica "Enrico Fermi", Universita di Pisa, Italy, Institut fur Laser-und Plasmaphysik, Heinrich-Heine-Universitat, Germany, School of Mathematics and Physics, The Queen's Univ. of Belfast, UK, Laboratoire pour l’Utilisation des Lasers Intenses, CNRS-CEA-Ecole Polytecnique-Univ., France, Fox Chase Cancer Center, FOCUS, University of Michigan; University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Los Alamos National Lab, Queens University Belfast, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Ecole Polytechnique, LULI, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Moscow State University, IST, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Nevada, Reno, Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Graduate School for the Creation of New Photnics Industries, Oxford University, CEA, LULI, CELIA, Universite Bordeaux, UCSD, U. Alberta, Laboratory for Laser Energetics, U. of Rochester, NRL, AWE Aldermaston, Laboratory for Laser Energetics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Nevada, Reno, U. of Nevada, Reno, PSFC, MIT, The Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College, London SW7 2BW, UK, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), University of Hyogo, Nihon UNiversity, Univ. of New Mexico, University of Missouri-Columbia, Politecnico di Torino, Italy, Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, University of Alabama, Huntsville AL, NASA/Maarshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL, Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton, NJ, USA, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada, Department of Physics, Rollins College, White Park, Florida 32789, Department of Physics, Auburn University, 206 Allison Laboratory, Auburn, Alabama 36949-5311, Tohoku University, Japan, Center for Plasma Edge Simulation, Univ. of Colorado, Boulder, Univ. Maryland, Univ. Delaware, Resource Systems Group, Inc, IPP Garching, GA, U of MD, Dartmouth College, UC-Berkeley, Cambridge University, U.C.S.D., Hitachi Kokusai Electric Inc., Japan, National Institute for Fusion Science, Japan, GoLP/CFP, Instituto Superior T\'ecnico, Portugal, University of California Los Angeles, CA 900095, U.S.A., GoLP/CFP, Instituto Superior Tecnico, Lisboa, Portugal, USC, University of Colorado at Boulder, Courant Institute, New York University, New York, U.S.A., U. Colorado Boulder CIPS, Princeton Plasma Physics Lab., Swedish Institute for Physics, Sweden, Max-Planck Institute, Garching, Germany, Imperial College, UK, University of New Hampshire, USA, National Astronomical Observatory, Japan, Max-Planck Institute, Lindau, Germany, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic, University of New Hampshire, University of Copenhagen, Denmark, Space Science Center, University of New Hampshire, USA, Center for Magnetic Self-organization, PPPL, Princeton U, Princeton NJ 08543, University of Iowa, Dalian University of Technology, Utah State Univeristy, Advanced Technology Division, SFA Inc., Plasma Physics Division, Naval Research Laboratory, IEAP, University Kiel, Olshausenstr. 40-60, 24098 Kiel, Germany, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Nagoya University, National Institute for Fusion Science, IPP, Garching, IPP, FZ Juelich, FOM, Riso, ORNL, Oak Ridge, TN, MIT, Cambridge, MA, PPPL, Princeton, NJ, ORNL, Lodestar Research Corporation, MIT, Cambridge MA, USA, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Madrid, Spain, Associazione Euratom-ENEA sulla Fusione, CR Frascati, Roma, Italy, Associazione Euratom-CNR sulla Fusione, IFP-CNR, Milano, Italy, University of Maryland, College Park, HyperV Technologies Corp., Institute for Research in Electronics and Applied Physics (IREAP), University of Maryland, College Park, Aerospace and Energetics Research Program, University of Washington, Plasma Research Centre, Univ. of Tsukuba, MIT PSFC, Columbia University, MIT Plasma Science \& Fusion Center, Kyusyu Univ., Nihon Univ., Univ. Tokyo, University of Tokyo, Princeton Plasma Physics Lab, Texas A\&M University, FLASH Center, The University of Chicago, The University of Manchester, UK, Berkeley Research Associates, Inc., Physics Department, Nuclear Research Center, Negev, Beer Sheva ISRAEL, Berkeley Research Associates, Inc., and Physics Department, Nuclear Research Center, Negev, Beer Sheva ISRAEL, Phys. Dept., NRCN, Israel, Fusion Science Center, Laboratory for Laser Energetics, U. of Rochester, Dipartimento di Energetica, Universita' di Roma ``La Sapienza'', Roma, Italy, Commissariat \`a l'Energie Atomique, Centre DAM Ile de France, BP 12, 91680 Bruy\`eres le Ch\^atel, France, Science Applications International Corporation, Institute of General Physics, Moscow, Russia, Department of Fundamental Energy Science, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, 611-0011 Japan, CASPER - Baylor University, LANL, Inst. Physik, Universitaet Greifswald, Germany, IEAP, University Kiel, Germany, Consorzio RFX, Italy, Polymath Research Inc., INRS-EMT, AWE, ETSI Industriales, Spain, IPCP, Chernogolovka, GSI, Tech-X Corporation, Univerity of Nevada, Reno, Nevada, D.P. , University of Strathclyde, UK, DCTI, Instituto Superior de Ci\^encias do Trabalho e da Empresa, Portugal, D.P., University of Strathclyde, UK, GoLP/CFP, Instituto Superior Tecnico, Portugal, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, LPGP Universit\'e Paris XI Orsay, Institute for Fusion Studies, University of Texas, Austin, Fusion Research Center, University of Texas, Austin, Fusion Research Center, The University of Texas at Austin, University of Texas at Austin, E.N.S., Dept. Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, Institute for Fusion Studies, University of Texas at Austin, USA, National Institute for Fusion Science / The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Japan, UC-Irvine, Graduate School of Energy Science, Kyoto University, Consorzio RFX, Euratom-ENEA Association, Consorzio RFX, Euratom-ENEA Association, Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova - Italy, Plasma Physics Laboratory, P.O.Box 451, Princeton, NJ, 08543, Russian Research Centre, Kurchatov Institute, University of California, San Diego, Department of Electrical Engineering, Tohoku University, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Kyushu University, Chuo University, Communications and Power Industries, General Atomics, University of California-San Diego, U. Wisc., U. California-Irvine, UCI, FAR-TECH. Inc., Butler University, Butler U., FAR-TECH, Columbia U., Science Applications International Corporation, McLean, VA 22102, Commonwealth Technologies Inc., Alexandria, VA 22315, Research Support Instruments, Lanham, MD 20706, Plasma Physics Division, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington DC 20375, LLE/University of Rochester, Univ. of Georgia, Varna Tech. University, Bulgaria, IPP-Garching, Univ. Paris, NYU, Clemson, Auburn, Rollins College, UNAM, Mexico, U of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ruhr-Universitaet Bochum, Bochum, Germany, CCLRC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, UK, UCB, Space Science Center, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, Air Force Research Laboratory, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, Massachusetts 01731, Rutherford Appleton, Didcott, UK, Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, U. Delaware, Newark DE, Brigham Young University, Dept. Engineering, Nagoya University, Japan, UKAEA, and the ALCATOR C-MOD TEAM, PSI, KBSI, Princeton U., MIT-PSFC, Fusion Research Center, UT-Austin, MIT Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Nova Photonics, Hiroshima University, Oak Ridge National Lab, Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton, New Jersey, USA, Nova Photonics Inc., Princeton, New Jersey, USA, Czech Inst. of Plasma Phys., Princeton University, Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton University, Institute for Fusion Studies, The University of Texas at Austin, UC-Davis, U. of Tokyo, The Johns Hopkins University, Johns Hopkins University, U. Washington, U.C. San Diego, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, UK, GSI, Darmstadt, Germany, UCLM, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain, IPCP, Chernogolovka, Russia, Institut f\"ur Physik, Universit\"at Rostock, Universit\"atsplatz 3, D-18051 Rostock, Germany, CCLRC, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot OX11 0QX, Great Britain Clarendon Laboratory,, L-399, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, University of California, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, CA 94551, USA, University of California/LLNL, University of Rochester/LLE, UC Davis, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, National Academy of Sciences, House Science Committee, Office of Science and Technology Policy, Laboratory for Laser Energetics, U. Rochester, Atomic Weapons Establishment, National Key Laboratory of Laser Fusion, Reseach Center of Laser Fusion, CAEP, National Key Laboratory of Laser Fusion, Reseach Center of Laser Fusion, China Academy of Engineering Physics, UR-LLE, University of Michigan, Naval Research Laboratory Plasma Physics Division Washington DC, Ktech corp., Sandia National Labs, INFM-Universita di Padova, INFM-Politecnico di Milano, VNIIFTRI and IHED, RAS, Prism Computational Sciences, Prism Computational Sciences, Inc., Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka, Japan, Institute of Laser Engineering and Graduate school of Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan, University of Oxford, Tokyo Inst. Tech., Lawrence Livermore National Lab, M.I.T., CEA, BP12, 91680 Bruyeres le Chatel, France, LCP\&FD, Naval Research Lab, Laser Plasma Branch, SAIC and Physics Department, NRCN, Israel, Berkeley Research Associates, Utsunomiya University, LOASIS Program, LBNL, Institute for Advanced Physics, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, LOASIS Program, LBNL and Institute for Advanced Physics, Chang Hwa Norman University, Taiwan, Physics Department, Indian Institute of Technology, India, Univ. of Maryland, IST (Portugal), Voss Scientific, Physics Department, Technion - Israel Institute of technology, Haifa 32000, Israel, Dept. of Phys., Technion, Haifa, Israel, APS, Ridge, NY and BNL, Upton, Long Island, NY, BNL, Upton, Long Island, NY, Golp / Centro de F\'isica dos Plasmas, Instituto Superior Tecnico, Lisbon, Portugal, Plasma Research Laboratory, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, West Virginia University, Institute for Fusion Studies, Univ. of California, San Diego, EURATOM/UKAEA Fusion Association Culham, Imperial College London, UCLA Physics and Astronomy Department, Max-Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, EURATOM Association, D-85748 Garching, Germany, Associazione EURATOM-ENEA sulla Fusione, Frascati, Italy, EURATOM-UKAEA Fusion Association, Culham, UK, Asociaci\'on EURATOM-CIEMAT, CIEMAT, Madrid, Spain, IFP-CNR, Associazione EURATOM-ENEA-CNR sulla Fusione, Milano, Italy, Col. School of Mines, USA, CFN/IST Lisbon, PT, IPP Garching, DE, VR KTH Stockholm, SE, UKAEA, UK, FOM Rijnhuizen, NL, PPPL,USA, EURATOM-Garching, Juelich, EURATOM-Confederation Suisse, EURATOM-VR, EURATOM-TEKES, Euratom/UKAEA Fusion Association, UK, Association Euratom-Tekes, VTT, Finland, Dept. of Physics, Univeristy of Strathclyde, EURATOM/UKAEA Fusion Association, VR KTH Stockholm, Sweden, CEA, France, Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Fusion Research Center, Korea, FOM-Institute for Plasma Physics Rijnhuizen, Association EURATOM-FOM, The Netherlands, www.rijnh.nl, Institut fur Plasmaphysik, Forschungszentrum Julich, Association EURATOM-FZJ, Trilateral Euregio Cluster, Germany, www.fz-juelich.de/ipp, U.S. Coast Guard Academy/Stevens Inst of Tech., USCG Academy/Stevens Inst. Tech., L.T.C., Italy, IFP-CNR, Italy, ENEA, Frascati, Italy, CREATE, Napoli, Italy, Universita' di Bari, Italy, Politecnico di Torino, Italy, SALENTEC, Lecce, Italy, Universita' di Lecce, Italy, CRIOTEC Impianti, Italy, CNR I.F.P., Italy, CNR, Italy, University of Alberta, The Ohio State University, U. of California, Los Angeles, P. N. Lebedev Phys. Inst., Delta Search Labs., CUOS, U. of Michigan, University of Nis, Serbia, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Yamaguchi University, Johns Hopkins Univesity, JHU, Compxco, Livermore CA, UCLA, Los Angeles CA, IFS, Austin TX, UCI, Irvine CA, PPPL, Princeton NJ, Princeton Plasma Phyics Laboratory, University of Wisconsin, ITER, PSI Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, Chalmers Univ. of Technology, Lehigh University, General Atomics Corporation, Princeton University, Plasma Physics Laboratory, RRC Kurchatov, Moscow, Russia, TRINITI, Moscow Region, Russia, Association EURATOM-CEA, Cadarache, France, CRPP-EPFL, Association EURATOM-Suisse, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland, Space Science Center, Univ. of New Hampshire, Inst. for Mathematics Applied to Geosciences, Natl. Center for Atmospheric Research, University of Tulsa, University of Colorado, UC Berkeley, Suleyman Demirel Univ, Isparta, Turkey, San Diego University, WVU, Tokyo Univ. of Agriculture and Technology, Japan, Kyushu Univ., Japan, University of New Mexico, Auburn University, National Fusion Research Center, Hanyang University, General Atomics, San Diego, CA 92186, GoLP/Centro de F\'isica dos Plasmas, Instituto Superior Tecnico, Lisboa, Portugal, Dipartimento di Energetica, Politecnico di Torino, Italy, CEA-Cadarache, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0417, Cornell University, Swarthmore College, University of Cailfornia at Davis, Carleton College, Department of Physics, Lawrence University, Appleton, WI, Franklin and Marshall College / NUF, Nova Photonics Inc., University of California, Los Angeles, SUNY Geneseo, Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, Technological Educational Institue of Crete, Chania, Crete, Greece, Central Laser Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Oxon. OX11 0QX United Kingdom, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London. SW7 2BZ United Kingdom, LNLL, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, IPP Greifswald, UW-Madison, MIT - Plasma Science \& Fusion Cener, Plasma Physics Division, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC, Imperial College, UIUC, University of Nevada Reno, Nevada, USA, VTS, Albuquerque, NM, USA, SAIC, Albuquerque, NM, USA, NumerEx, Albuquerque, NM, USA, Directed Energy Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Kirtland AFB, NM, USA, University of California, Irvine, CA, Mount San Jacinto College, Manifee, CA, Cornell Univesity, Cornell University and P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute, Russia, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, Imperial College, London, UK, Univeristy of Nevada, Reno, Ktech Corporation, Sandia National Laboratories, NM 87123 USA, University of California at Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA, University of Nevada at Reno, NV 89557 USA, Sandia National Laboratories, AWE, Aldermaston, Paris Observatory, FEE CTU in Prague, Czech Republic, Institute of Pulsed Systems, Moscow, RRC Kurchatov Institute, Moscow, Czech Technical University, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, KTECH, UNM, NSTEC, Berkeley Scholars Inc., HY-Tech Research, Inc., L-3 Titan Group, L-3 Pulse Sciences, NumerEx, Berkeley Scholars, Naval Research Lab, Observatoire de Paris, (LUTH), 92195 Meudon, France, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico, 87185 USA, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College, London SW7 2BW, U.K, K-tech Corp., University of Chicago, Institute of Physics, PALS Center, CNRS/LPN, DIAS, Dublin, ARTEP, inc, OCIAM-Oxford, UK, University Greifswald, Space Science Center, Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, Space Science Center, University of New Hampshire, Institut for Physics, University Greifswald, 17487 Greifswald, Germany, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Agency for Defense Development, U. Toronto, UTIAS, U. St. Thomas, Auburn U., U. Maryland, U. Texas-Austin, Kharkov IPT, MPIG, Max-Planck Institut fur Plasmaphysik, Lehigh U., L.L.E., A.W.E., LLE, Univ of Rochester, NY, AWE, Aldermaston, UK, M.I.T, Boston, MA, Los Alamos National Lab, Los Alamos, NM, K-Tech Corporation, Albuquerque, NM, General Atomics, La Jolla, CA, Prism Computational Sciences, Madison, WI, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM, 87185-1196, LLE, Institute for Electronics and Applied Physics, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College, London, UK, CCLRC - Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot, UK, Univ. of Colorado, Univ. of Colorado; Tech-X Corp., Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, SLAC, University of California Los Angeles, Instituto Superior Tecnico Portugal, Univ. of Colorado, Tech-X Corporation, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos NM 87545 USA, Blackett Laboratory, Department of Physics, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom, Florida A\&M University, Institute for Research in Electronics and Applied Physics, IREAP, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, Max-Planck-Institute for Plasma Physics, EURATOM Association, Greifswald, Germany, RUB, Germany, Physics \& Astronomy, UCLA, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, S7N 5E2 Canada, Queen Mary University, Osaka Univ., Redmond Plasma Physics Laboratory, University of Washington, Plasma Dynamics Laboratory, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, Center for Integrated Plasma Studies, University of Colorado, UC Irvine, Univ. Nevada, Air Force Research Laboratory, North Carolina State University, Osaka University, Univ. Cal. Lawrence Livermore Nat. Lab., Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, Ioffe Physico-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg 194021, Russia, Florida A\&M University, Tallahassee, FL, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94551, University of Washington, Himeji Institute of Technology, Consorzio RFX - Associazione Euratom-ENEA Padova, Italy, Consorzio RFX, Euratom-ENEA Association, Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127 - Padova Italy, Consorzio RFX, Euratom-ENEA Association, Padova, Italy, University of Wisconsim, Madison, WI, USA, EPFL, University of Wisconsin-Madison and the Center for Magnetic Self-Organization in Laboratory and Astrophysical Plasmas, UW-Madison and Center for Magnetic Self-Organization, Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison. Madison, WI 53706, Consorzio RFX, University of Wisconsin - Madison and CMSO, UW - Madison, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI 53706, Center for Magnetic Self-Organization, Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, University of Alberta Edmonton, CLF Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, TEI Crete, CELIA, France, LULI, France, CEA/DPTA, France, Fox Chase Cancer Center, USA, Graduate School of Eng. Osaka Univ. Japan, CELIA, France; CEA/DPTA, France, LLE, U. of Rochester, L-3 Communications Pulse Sciences, ITEP, Ktech, IC, Observatoire de Paris, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM, 87185-1193, U.~California-San Diego, SWIP, L-3, Titan Division, Air Force Research Lab, Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, NumerEx, Ithaca, NY, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, Max-Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Universita' di Milano, Italy, Grad. Sch. Frontier Sci., Univ. Tokyo, Japan, Argonne National Laboratory, U. Chicago, Argonne National Lab, NMIMT, LPGP Universit\'e Paris XI, CRPP-EPFL, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA 87545, CIPS,University of Colorado, CIPS, University of Colorado, JNL Scientific, Casa Grande, AZ 85222, USA, University of Nevada at Reno, NV 89557, USA, HSX Plasma Laboratory, UW-Madison, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge,Tennessee, Dept. of Electrical Engineering, UCLA, HSX Plasma Laboratory, University of Wisconsin-Madison, HSX Plasma Laboratory, University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA, CompX, Del Mar, CA, USA, UC-Los Angeles, CA, USA, UW-Madison, WI, USA, University of California-Los Angeles, HSX Plasma Laboratory; University of Wisconsin-Madison, Physics Department, Auburn University, Univ. Tenn. Knoxville, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Plasmaphysik, Greifswald, Germany, Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton, NJ, Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton, NJ 08543, PPPL, USA, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan, Iwamura Electric Co. Osaka, Japan, IFS, UT-Austin, U. of York, IFS, Uinv. Texas-Austin, U. of Rochester, Science Application International Corporation, Science Applications International Corporation, McLean, Virginia, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C., University of Reno, Nevada, Nevada Terawatt Facility, University of Reno, Nevada, Sandia National Lab., Los Alamos National Lab., CCLRC Rutherford Appleton Lab, Ohio State U., ILE, Osaka Univ., Grad. School of Eng. \& ILE, Osaka Univ., ILE, Osaka University, Tata Inst. Fund. Physics, India, SAIC, Observatoire de Paris, France, Weizmann Inst. of Science, Voss Sci., NSTec

  • A.V. Maximov

    Los Alamos National Laboratory, Kyoto University, JAEA, University of Maryland, SPbU, AFRL, Drexel University, University of California, Irvine, General Physics Institute, RAS, Moscow, College of Science and Technology, Nihon University, Naval Research Laboratory, ASI Robicon, Italy, Ansaldo-Ricerche, Italy, CESI, Italy, GRTN, Italy, ENEA, Italy, Ansaldo, Italy, KM, Germany, UCSD, USA, Ruhr-Universitaet Bochum, Germany, Utsunomiya University, Japan, Fudan University, Univerity Greifswald, Ecole Polytechnique, Sandia National Laboratory, Oxford University, Oxford, UK, Instituto Superior Tecnico, Lisbon, Portugal, CCLRC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Christian-Albrechts Universit\"at, Kiel, Germany, Dept. of Physics \& Astronomy, University of Iowa, USA, UNR, Bochum U., LBNL, LLE, University of Rochester, PPPL, University of Rochester, MIT, LLNL, FAR-TECH Inc., Plasma Physics Division, NRL, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, CompX, EURATON/UKAEA Fusion Assoc.-Culham, Laboratory of Plasma Studies, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM, SNL, Kurchatov Institute, Moscow, Russia, SciberQuest, Inc/UCSD, FAR-TECH, Inc., Gunma University, Nihon University, Institut of Physics,University Greifswald, Germany, Institute for High Energy Densities, Moscow, Russia, Inst. Theoretical Physics and Astrophysics, Univ Kiel, Germany, Inst Theoretische Physik und Astrophysik, Universitaet Kiel, Germany, Inst. Theoretical Physics and Astrophysics, University Kiel, Germany, Institut fur Theoretische Physik I, Heinrich-Heine-Universit\"{a}t, 40225 Dusseldorf, Germany, Laboratoire d'Optique Appliqu\'{e}e, ENSTA, CNRS UMR7639, Ecole Polytechnique, Chemin de la Huni\`{e}re, 91761 Palaiseau, France, Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Japan, Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry, Japan, Advanced Photon Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Japan, CUOS, U. of. Mich., LOA, Dep. Rad. Oncology, U. of. Mich., Phys. Inst., RAS, Physics Dept., MS-220, Univ. of Nevada, Dipartimento di Energetica, Univ. di Roma 1 ``La Sapienza", Roma, Italy, Centre de Physique Theorique, CNRS-Ecole Polytechnique, France, Istituto Nazionale per la Fisica della Materia and Dipartimento di Fisica "Enrico Fermi", Universita di Pisa, Italy, Institut fur Laser-und Plasmaphysik, Heinrich-Heine-Universitat, Germany, School of Mathematics and Physics, The Queen's Univ. of Belfast, UK, Laboratoire pour l’Utilisation des Lasers Intenses, CNRS-CEA-Ecole Polytecnique-Univ., France, Fox Chase Cancer Center, FOCUS, University of Michigan; University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Los Alamos National Lab, Queens University Belfast, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Ecole Polytechnique, LULI, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Moscow State University, IST, UCLA, Department of Physics, University of Nevada, Reno, Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Graduate School for the Creation of New Photnics Industries, Oxford University, CEA, LULI, CELIA, Universite Bordeaux, UCSD, U. Alberta, Laboratory for Laser Energetics, U. of Rochester, NRL, AWE Aldermaston, Laboratory for Laser Energetics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Nevada, Reno, U. of Nevada, Reno, PSFC, MIT, The Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College, London SW7 2BW, UK, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), University of Hyogo, Nihon UNiversity, Univ. of New Mexico, University of Missouri-Columbia, Politecnico di Torino, Italy, Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, University of Alabama, Huntsville AL, NASA/Maarshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL, Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton, NJ, USA, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada, Department of Physics, Rollins College, White Park, Florida 32789, Department of Physics, Auburn University, 206 Allison Laboratory, Auburn, Alabama 36949-5311, Tohoku University, Japan, Center for Plasma Edge Simulation, Univ. of Colorado, Boulder, Univ. Maryland, Univ. Delaware, Resource Systems Group, Inc, IPP Garching, GA, U of MD, Dartmouth College, UC-Berkeley, Cambridge University, U.C.S.D., Hitachi Kokusai Electric Inc., Japan, National Institute for Fusion Science, Japan, GoLP/CFP, Instituto Superior T\'ecnico, Portugal, University of California Los Angeles, CA 900095, U.S.A., GoLP/CFP, Instituto Superior Tecnico, Lisboa, Portugal, USC, University of Colorado at Boulder, Courant Institute, New York University, New York, U.S.A., U. Colorado Boulder CIPS, Princeton Plasma Physics Lab., Swedish Institute for Physics, Sweden, Max-Planck Institute, Garching, Germany, Imperial College, UK, University of New Hampshire, USA, National Astronomical Observatory, Japan, Max-Planck Institute, Lindau, Germany, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic, University of New Hampshire, University of Copenhagen, Denmark, Space Science Center, University of New Hampshire, USA, Center for Magnetic Self-organization, PPPL, Princeton U, Princeton NJ 08543, University of Iowa, Dalian University of Technology, Utah State Univeristy, Advanced Technology Division, SFA Inc., Plasma Physics Division, Naval Research Laboratory, IEAP, University Kiel, Olshausenstr. 40-60, 24098 Kiel, Germany, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Nagoya University, National Institute for Fusion Science, IPP, Garching, IPP, FZ Juelich, FOM, Riso, ORNL, Oak Ridge, TN, MIT, Cambridge, MA, PPPL, Princeton, NJ, ORNL, Lodestar Research Corporation, MIT, Cambridge MA, USA, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Madrid, Spain, Associazione Euratom-ENEA sulla Fusione, CR Frascati, Roma, Italy, Associazione Euratom-CNR sulla Fusione, IFP-CNR, Milano, Italy, University of Maryland, College Park, HyperV Technologies Corp., Institute for Research in Electronics and Applied Physics (IREAP), University of Maryland, College Park, Aerospace and Energetics Research Program, University of Washington, Plasma Research Centre, Univ. of Tsukuba, MIT PSFC, Columbia University, MIT Plasma Science \& Fusion Center, Kyusyu Univ., Nihon Univ., Univ. Tokyo, University of Tokyo, Princeton Plasma Physics Lab, Texas A\&M University, FLASH Center, The University of Chicago, The University of Manchester, UK, Berkeley Research Associates, Inc., Physics Department, Nuclear Research Center, Negev, Beer Sheva ISRAEL, Berkeley Research Associates, Inc., and Physics Department, Nuclear Research Center, Negev, Beer Sheva ISRAEL, Phys. Dept., NRCN, Israel, Fusion Science Center, Laboratory for Laser Energetics, U. of Rochester, Dipartimento di Energetica, Universita' di Roma ``La Sapienza'', Roma, Italy, Commissariat \`a l'Energie Atomique, Centre DAM Ile de France, BP 12, 91680 Bruy\`eres le Ch\^atel, France, Science Applications International Corporation, Institute of General Physics, Moscow, Russia, Department of Fundamental Energy Science, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, 611-0011 Japan, CASPER - Baylor University, LANL, Inst. Physik, Universitaet Greifswald, Germany, IEAP, University Kiel, Germany, Consorzio RFX, Italy, Polymath Research Inc., INRS-EMT, AWE, ETSI Industriales, Spain, IPCP, Chernogolovka, GSI, Tech-X Corporation, Univerity of Nevada, Reno, Nevada, D.P. , University of Strathclyde, UK, DCTI, Instituto Superior de Ci\^encias do Trabalho e da Empresa, Portugal, D.P., University of Strathclyde, UK, GoLP/CFP, Instituto Superior Tecnico, Portugal, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, LPGP Universit\'e Paris XI Orsay, Institute for Fusion Studies, University of Texas, Austin, Fusion Research Center, University of Texas, Austin, Fusion Research Center, The University of Texas at Austin, University of Texas at Austin, E.N.S., Dept. Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, Institute for Fusion Studies, University of Texas at Austin, USA, National Institute for Fusion Science / The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Japan, UC-Irvine, Graduate School of Energy Science, Kyoto University, Consorzio RFX, Euratom-ENEA Association, Consorzio RFX, Euratom-ENEA Association, Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova - Italy, Plasma Physics Laboratory, P.O.Box 451, Princeton, NJ, 08543, Russian Research Centre, Kurchatov Institute, University of California, San Diego, Department of Electrical Engineering, Tohoku University, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Kyushu University, Chuo University, Communications and Power Industries, General Atomics, University of California-San Diego, U. Wisc., U. California-Irvine, UCI, FAR-TECH. Inc., Butler University, Butler U., FAR-TECH, Columbia U., Science Applications International Corporation, McLean, VA 22102, Commonwealth Technologies Inc., Alexandria, VA 22315, Research Support Instruments, Lanham, MD 20706, Plasma Physics Division, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington DC 20375, LLE/University of Rochester, Univ. of Georgia, Varna Tech. University, Bulgaria, IPP-Garching, Univ. Paris, NYU, Clemson, Auburn, Rollins College, UNAM, Mexico, U of Colorado, Boulder, CO, Ruhr-Universitaet Bochum, Bochum, Germany, CCLRC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, UK, UCB, Space Science Center, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, Air Force Research Laboratory, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, Massachusetts 01731, Rutherford Appleton, Didcott, UK, Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, U. Delaware, Newark DE, Brigham Young University, Dept. Engineering, Nagoya University, Japan, UKAEA, and the ALCATOR C-MOD TEAM, PSI, KBSI, Princeton U., MIT-PSFC, Fusion Research Center, UT-Austin, MIT Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Nova Photonics, Hiroshima University, Oak Ridge National Lab, Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton, New Jersey, USA, Nova Photonics Inc., Princeton, New Jersey, USA, Czech Inst. of Plasma Phys., Princeton University, Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton University, Institute for Fusion Studies, The University of Texas at Austin, UC-Davis, U. of Tokyo, The Johns Hopkins University, Johns Hopkins University, U. Washington, U.C. San Diego, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, UK, GSI, Darmstadt, Germany, UCLM, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain, IPCP, Chernogolovka, Russia, Institut f\"ur Physik, Universit\"at Rostock, Universit\"atsplatz 3, D-18051 Rostock, Germany, CCLRC, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot OX11 0QX, Great Britain Clarendon Laboratory,, L-399, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, University of California, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, CA 94551, USA, University of California/LLNL, University of Rochester/LLE, UC Davis, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, National Academy of Sciences, House Science Committee, Office of Science and Technology Policy, Laboratory for Laser Energetics, U. Rochester, Atomic Weapons Establishment, National Key Laboratory of Laser Fusion, Reseach Center of Laser Fusion, CAEP, National Key Laboratory of Laser Fusion, Reseach Center of Laser Fusion, China Academy of Engineering Physics, UR-LLE, University of Michigan, Naval Research Laboratory Plasma Physics Division Washington DC, Ktech corp., Sandia National Labs, INFM-Universita di Padova, INFM-Politecnico di Milano, VNIIFTRI and IHED, RAS, Prism Computational Sciences, Prism Computational Sciences, Inc., Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka, Japan, Institute of Laser Engineering and Graduate school of Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan, University of Oxford, Tokyo Inst. Tech., Lawrence Livermore National Lab, M.I.T., CEA, BP12, 91680 Bruyeres le Chatel, France, LCP\&FD, Naval Research Lab, Laser Plasma Branch, SAIC and Physics Department, NRCN, Israel, Berkeley Research Associates, Utsunomiya University, LOASIS Program, LBNL, Institute for Advanced Physics, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, LOASIS Program, LBNL and Institute for Advanced Physics, Chang Hwa Norman University, Taiwan, Physics Department, Indian Institute of Technology, India, Univ. of Maryland, IST (Portugal), Voss Scientific, Physics Department, Technion - Israel Institute of technology, Haifa 32000, Israel, Dept. of Phys., Technion, Haifa, Israel, APS, Ridge, NY and BNL, Upton, Long Island, NY, BNL, Upton, Long Island, NY, Golp / Centro de F\'isica dos Plasmas, Instituto Superior Tecnico, Lisbon, Portugal, Plasma Research Laboratory, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, West Virginia University, Institute for Fusion Studies, Univ. of California, San Diego, EURATOM/UKAEA Fusion Association Culham, Imperial College London, UCLA Physics and Astronomy Department, Max-Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, EURATOM Association, D-85748 Garching, Germany, Associazione EURATOM-ENEA sulla Fusione, Frascati, Italy, EURATOM-UKAEA Fusion Association, Culham, UK, Asociaci\'on EURATOM-CIEMAT, CIEMAT, Madrid, Spain, IFP-CNR, Associazione EURATOM-ENEA-CNR sulla Fusione, Milano, Italy, Col. School of Mines, USA, CFN/IST Lisbon, PT, IPP Garching, DE, VR KTH Stockholm, SE, UKAEA, UK, FOM Rijnhuizen, NL, PPPL,USA, EURATOM-Garching, Juelich, EURATOM-Confederation Suisse, EURATOM-VR, EURATOM-TEKES, Euratom/UKAEA Fusion Association, UK, Association Euratom-Tekes, VTT, Finland, Dept. of Physics, Univeristy of Strathclyde, EURATOM/UKAEA Fusion Association, VR KTH Stockholm, Sweden, CEA, France, Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Fusion Research Center, Korea, FOM-Institute for Plasma Physics Rijnhuizen, Association EURATOM-FOM, The Netherlands, www.rijnh.nl, Institut fur Plasmaphysik, Forschungszentrum Julich, Association EURATOM-FZJ, Trilateral Euregio Cluster, Germany, www.fz-juelich.de/ipp, U.S. Coast Guard Academy/Stevens Inst of Tech., USCG Academy/Stevens Inst. Tech., L.T.C., Italy, IFP-CNR, Italy, ENEA, Frascati, Italy, CREATE, Napoli, Italy, Universita' di Bari, Italy, Politecnico di Torino, Italy, SALENTEC, Lecce, Italy, Universita' di Lecce, Italy, CRIOTEC Impianti, Italy, CNR I.F.P., Italy, CNR, Italy, University of Alberta, The Ohio State University, U. of California, Los Angeles, P. N. Lebedev Phys. Inst., Delta Search Labs., CUOS, U. of Michigan, University of Nis, Serbia, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Yamaguchi University, Johns Hopkins Univesity, JHU, Compxco, Livermore CA, UCLA, Los Angeles CA, IFS, Austin TX, UCI, Irvine CA, PPPL, Princeton NJ, Princeton Plasma Phyics Laboratory, University of Wisconsin, ITER, PSI Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, Chalmers Univ. of Technology, Lehigh University, General Atomics Corporation, Princeton University, Plasma Physics Laboratory, RRC Kurchatov, Moscow, Russia, TRINITI, Moscow Region, Russia, Association EURATOM-CEA, Cadarache, France, CRPP-EPFL, Association EURATOM-Suisse, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland, Space Science Center, Univ. of New Hampshire, Inst. for Mathematics Applied to Geosciences, Natl. Center for Atmospheric Research, University of Tulsa, University of Colorado, UC Berkeley, Suleyman Demirel Univ, Isparta, Turkey, San Diego University, WVU, Tokyo Univ. of Agriculture and Technology, Japan, Kyushu Univ., Japan, University of New Mexico, Auburn University, National Fusion Research Center, Hanyang University, General Atomics, San Diego, CA 92186, GoLP/Centro de F\'isica dos Plasmas, Instituto Superior Tecnico, Lisboa, Portugal, Dipartimento di Energetica, Politecnico di Torino, Italy, CEA-Cadarache, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0417, Cornell University, Swarthmore College, University of Cailfornia at Davis, Carleton College, Department of Physics, Lawrence University, Appleton, WI, Franklin and Marshall College / NUF, Nova Photonics Inc., University of California, Los Angeles, SUNY Geneseo, Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, Technological Educational Institue of Crete, Chania, Crete, Greece, Central Laser Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Oxon. OX11 0QX United Kingdom, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London. SW7 2BZ United Kingdom, LNLL, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, IPP Greifswald, UW-Madison, MIT - Plasma Science \& Fusion Cener, Plasma Physics Division, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC, Imperial College, UIUC, University of Nevada Reno, Nevada, USA, VTS, Albuquerque, NM, USA, SAIC, Albuquerque, NM, USA, NumerEx, Albuquerque, NM, USA, Directed Energy Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Kirtland AFB, NM, USA, University of California, Irvine, CA, Mount San Jacinto College, Manifee, CA, Cornell Univesity, Cornell University and P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute, Russia, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, Imperial College, London, UK, Univeristy of Nevada, Reno, Ktech Corporation, Sandia National Laboratories, NM 87123 USA, University of California at Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA, University of Nevada at Reno, NV 89557 USA, Sandia National Laboratories, AWE, Aldermaston, Paris Observatory, FEE CTU in Prague, Czech Republic, Institute of Pulsed Systems, Moscow, RRC Kurchatov Institute, Moscow, Czech Technical University, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, KTECH, UNM, NSTEC, Berkeley Scholars Inc., HY-Tech Research, Inc., L-3 Titan Group, L-3 Pulse Sciences, NumerEx, Berkeley Scholars, Naval Research Lab, Observatoire de Paris, (LUTH), 92195 Meudon, France, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico, 87185 USA, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College, London SW7 2BW, U.K, K-tech Corp., University of Chicago, Institute of Physics, PALS Center, CNRS/LPN, DIAS, Dublin, ARTEP, inc, OCIAM-Oxford, UK, University Greifswald, Space Science Center, Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, Space Science Center, University of New Hampshire, Institut for Physics, University Greifswald, 17487 Greifswald, Germany, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Agency for Defense Development, U. Toronto, UTIAS, U. St. Thomas, Auburn U., U. Maryland, U. Texas-Austin, Kharkov IPT, MPIG, Max-Planck Institut fur Plasmaphysik, Lehigh U., L.L.E., A.W.E., LLE, Univ of Rochester, NY, AWE, Aldermaston, UK, M.I.T, Boston, MA, Los Alamos National Lab, Los Alamos, NM, K-Tech Corporation, Albuquerque, NM, General Atomics, La Jolla, CA, Prism Computational Sciences, Madison, WI, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM, 87185-1196, LLE, Institute for Electronics and Applied Physics, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College, London, UK, CCLRC - Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot, UK, Univ. of Colorado, Univ. of Colorado; Tech-X Corp., Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, SLAC, University of California Los Angeles, Instituto Superior Tecnico Portugal, Univ. of Colorado, Tech-X Corporation, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos NM 87545 USA, Blackett Laboratory, Department of Physics, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom, Florida A\&M University, Institute for Research in Electronics and Applied Physics, IREAP, University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, Max-Planck-Institute for Plasma Physics, EURATOM Association, Greifswald, Germany, RUB, Germany, Physics \& Astronomy, UCLA, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, S7N 5E2 Canada, Queen Mary University, Osaka Univ., Redmond Plasma Physics Laboratory, University of Washington, Plasma Dynamics Laboratory, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, Center for Integrated Plasma Studies, University of Colorado, UC Irvine, Univ. Nevada, Air Force Research Laboratory, North Carolina State University, Osaka University, Univ. Cal. Lawrence Livermore Nat. Lab., Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, Ioffe Physico-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg 194021, Russia, Florida A\&M University, Tallahassee, FL, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94551, University of Washington, Himeji Institute of Technology, Consorzio RFX - Associazione Euratom-ENEA Padova, Italy, Consorzio RFX, Euratom-ENEA Association, Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127 - Padova Italy, Consorzio RFX, Euratom-ENEA Association, Padova, Italy, University of Wisconsim, Madison, WI, USA, EPFL, University of Wisconsin-Madison and the Center for Magnetic Self-Organization in Laboratory and Astrophysical Plasmas, UW-Madison and Center for Magnetic Self-Organization, Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison. Madison, WI 53706, Consorzio RFX, University of Wisconsin - Madison and CMSO, UW - Madison, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI 53706, Center for Magnetic Self-Organization, Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, University of Alberta Edmonton, CLF Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, TEI Crete, CELIA, France, LULI, France, CEA/DPTA, France, Fox Chase Cancer Center, USA, Graduate School of Eng. Osaka Univ. Japan, CELIA, France; CEA/DPTA, France, LLE, U. of Rochester, L-3 Communications Pulse Sciences, ITEP, Ktech, IC, Observatoire de Paris, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM, 87185-1193, U.~California-San Diego, SWIP, L-3, Titan Division, Air Force Research Lab, Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, NumerEx, Ithaca, NY, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, Max-Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Universita' di Milano, Italy, Grad. Sch. Frontier Sci., Univ. Tokyo, Japan, Argonne National Laboratory, U. Chicago, Argonne National Lab, NMIMT, LPGP Universit\'e Paris XI, CRPP-EPFL, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA 87545, CIPS,University of Colorado, CIPS, University of Colorado, JNL Scientific, Casa Grande, AZ 85222, USA, University of Nevada at Reno, NV 89557, USA, HSX Plasma Laboratory, UW-Madison, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge,Tennessee, Dept. of Electrical Engineering, UCLA, HSX Plasma Laboratory, University of Wisconsin-Madison, HSX Plasma Laboratory, University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA, CompX, Del Mar, CA, USA, UC-Los Angeles, CA, USA, UW-Madison, WI, USA, University of California-Los Angeles, HSX Plasma Laboratory; University of Wisconsin-Madison, Physics Department, Auburn University, Univ. Tenn. Knoxville, Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Plasmaphysik, Greifswald, Germany, Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton, NJ, Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton, NJ 08543, PPPL, USA, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan, Iwamura Electric Co. Osaka, Japan, IFS, UT-Austin, U. of York, IFS, Uinv. Texas-Austin, U. of Rochester, Science Application International Corporation, Science Applications International Corporation, McLean, Virginia, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C., University of Reno, Nevada, Nevada Terawatt Facility, University of Reno, Nevada, Sandia National Lab., Los Alamos National Lab., CCLRC Rutherford Appleton Lab, Ohio State U., ILE, Osaka Univ., Grad. School of Eng. \& ILE, Osaka Univ., ILE, Osaka University, Tata Inst. Fund. Physics, India, SAIC, Observatoire de Paris, France, Weizmann Inst. of Science, Voss Sci., NSTec