Phenomenology of transverse momentum dependent distributions

In this work, we present an overview of the recent progress in phenomenology of transverse momentum distributions (TMDs). The TMD factorization is conveniently formulated in $b_T$-space, which is the Fourier conjugate to the intrinsic transverse momentum of quarks within the proton, $k_T$. In the small-$b_T$ region, the TMD is dominated by perturbative contributions, which are described by the operator product expansion (OPE) through collinear parton distribution functions (PDFs) and evolution, while the large-$b_T$ region is dominated by intrinsic nonperturbative transverse motion. Because of the explicit dependence of the PDF in the TMD, we additionally present the first simultaneous extraction of collinear PDFs and nonperturbative TMD structures using the small-$q_T$ Drell-Yan (DY) and $Z$-boson production data along with collinear datasets such as those from recent extractions. We analyze the impacts of the PDFs and TMDs from the combined analysis.