Gravitational form factors in Lattice QCD

Gravitational form factors (GFFs) parametrize the hadronic matrix elements of the energy-momentum tensor (EMT) of QCD and encode important information about hadrons, e.g., how energy and angular momentum are distributed inside them. They can be decomposed into quark and gluon parts, allowing disentanglement of the contribution of individual QCD degrees of freedom in hadron structure. Lattice QCD can directly probe these quantities, offering complimentary information to current and future experimental programs, e.g., at the upcoming US Electron Ion Collider. In this talk, I will discuss the current status of GFF research, focusing on both the successes and the challenges of lattice QCD in constraining them. I will present recent lattice results of several hadrons, including glueballs in Yang-Mills theory, and discuss possible implications for our understanding of hadron structure.