Gravitational Form Factors of Hadrons from Lattice QCD

The gravitational structure of hadrons is encoded in the gravitational form factors (GFFs), which are the form factors of the energy-momentum tensor of QCD. Just like the energy-momentum tensor, GFFs can be split into individual quark and gluon contributions, and are directly related to the frame dependent energy, angular momentum, pressure and shear force densities within hadrons. We use lattice QCD techniques to calculate the gluon GFFs of the pion, nucleon, rho meson and delta baryon in the spacelike kinematic region of 0 < -t < 2 GeV^2 at an unphysical pion mass of 450 MeV and 2+1 fermion flavors. From the renormalized GFFs, we extract the energy, pressure and shear force densities in different frames, as well as the mass and mechanical radii, and compare between the different hadrons and frames.