Measuring molecular dissociation in tritium beta decay: validating theory used in neutrino mass experiments

The next generation of tritium-based neutrino mass experiments (KATRIN, Project 8) requires a comprehensive understanding of the distribution of molecular states excited in the decay. Recent ab initio calculations predict a dissociation probability that disagrees with two experiments from the 1950s. Further study is needed to resolve the discrepancy and validate the calculations. The Tritium Recoil-Ion Mass Spectrometer is designed to measure the molecular tritium branching ratio to the bound molecular ion $^3\textrm{HeT}^+$ using a time-of-flight spectrometer.