Microscopic calculations of heavy-residue formation in quasielastic and deep-inelastic collisions below the Fermi energy.

ORAL

Abstract

During the last several years we have undertaken a systematic study of heavy residues formed in quasi-elastic and deep- inelastic collisions near and below the Fermi energy [1,2]. Presently, we are exploring the possibility of extracting information on the dynamics by comparing our heavy residue data to calculations using microscopic models based on the quantum molecular dynamics approach (QMD). We have performed detailed calculations of QMD type using the recent version of the constrained molecular dynamics code CoMD of M. Papa [3]. CoMD is especially designed for reactions near the Fermi energy. It implements an effective interaction with a nuclear-matter compressibility of K=200 (soft EOS) with several forms of the density dependence of the nucleon-nucleon symmetry potential. CoMD imposes a constraint in the phase space occupation for each nucleon, thus restoring the Pauli principle at each time step of the collision. Results of the calculations and comparisons with our residue data will be presented and discussed in detail. [1] G.A. Souliotis et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 91, 022701 (2003); Nucl. Instrum. Methods B 204 166 (2003). [2] G.A. Souliotis et al., Phys. Lett. B 588, 35 (2004). [3] M. Papa et al., Phys. Rev. C 64, 024612 (2001).

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Authors

  • M. Burkhardt

    Texas A\&M, AIST, Konan U., Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Rutgers University, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, 94550, USA, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA, Charles Univ. Prague, Los Alamos National Laboratory, North Carolina State University/TUNL, Yale University, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Manchester, GANIL, Caen, Penn State Altoona \& TUNL, N.C. A\&T University \& TUNL, N.C. Central University \& TUNL, TUNL \& Duke University, All-Russian Research Institute of Technical Physics, Russia, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Yale Univ., Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Surrey Univ., ANL, Washington University, Univ. of Oslo, Univ. of Tennessee, Univ. of Bonn, Univ. di Milano, NBI, Mississippi State Univ., Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Univ. of Manchester, UK, UGC-DAE Consortium for Scientific Research, India, Univ. of Notre Dame, Argonne National Lab, Argonne National Lab/Univ. of Notre Dame, South Dakota School Mines \& Technology, Augustina College, Duke Univ. and TUNL, LANL, Samford Univ., NCSU and TUNL, UNC and TUNL, NCCU, California Institute of Technology, Duke U., Yale U., U. of York, TRIUMF, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, ATOMKI, Debrecen, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Instituto de Estructura de la Materia, CSIC, Madrid, National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, East Lansing, MI, Duke U. \& TUNL, University of Maryland, USA, CERN, Switzerland, University of York, K.U. Leuven, Belgium, University of Liverpool, UK, Oregon State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, WNSL, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, WNSL, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520; Department of Chemistry, Clark University, Worcester, MA 01610, WNSL, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520; Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, UK, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, Wright Nuclear Structure Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, UK, Clark University, Worcester, MA 01610, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, USA, UGC-DAE CSR, Kolkata Centre, India, University of Notre Dame, Indiana, USA, University of Kentucky, Petersburg Nucl. Phys. Inst., Texas A\&M University, U. Tenn., ORNL, ANU, Rutgers, University of Notre Dame, Michigan State University, University of Maryland, Georgia Tech., Tsinghua University, Vanderbilt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Vanderbilt University, University of York, United Kingdom, St. Mary's University, Canada, University of Washington, Seattle, Queens University, Canada, TRIUMF, Vancouver, Canada, University of Guelph, Canada, Cyclotron Institute at Texas A\&M University, Cyclotron Institute, Texas A\&M University, UC Berkeley Dept. of Physics/Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Pacif Northwest National Laboratory, OSU, Notre Dame, MSU, Surrey/Rutgers, IFJ PAN, ORAU, CSM, UTK, Ohio U., TTU, UNC-CH, Rutgers Univ\@. \& Univ\@. Surrey, Tenn\@. Tech\@. Univ., Colorado Sch\@. of Mines, Rutgers Univ., Tenn\@. Tech\@. Univ\@., Rutgers Univ\@. \& Univ\@. Tenn\@., ORAU \& LLNL, UNC-CH \& NIST, Yale Univ\@., U of NC, U of TN, ORNL, CO School of Mines, U of Sao Paulo, IUAC, India, Hebrew University, Colorado School of Mines, Northwestern University, Western Michigan University, Radiation Monitoring Devices, Inc., Augustine Engineering, University of Virginia, University of Tennessee, Tennessee Technological University, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, University of Guelph, Micron Semiconductor Ltd., 1 Royal Buildings, Marlborough Road, Lancing Business Park, Lancing, Sussex, BN15 8SJ, UK, Cyclotron Institute,Texas A\&M University, College Station, TX 77843, Radiation Monitoring Devices Inc., MIT, Brandeis, Boston University, The Ohio State University, Kellog Caltech, University of York, UK, University of Edinburgh, UK, University of Jyvaskyla, Finland, U. Wien, McMaster U., Racah Institute of Physics, VERA, U. of North B.C., U. of Munster, Simon Fraser U., Clemson U., U. North Carolina, Col. School of Mines, Tenn. Tech. U., Hamilton College, U Sussex, U Maryland, Tulane U, NIST, U Michigan, Arizona State University, University of Connecticut, ORNL/UT-K, UT-K, Michigan Technological University, Texas A\&M Cyclotron Institute, Ursinus College, Purdue University Calumet, GSI, Florida State University, Ohio Wesleyan University, Department of Physics, Western Michigan University, Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, Departments of Physics and Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, WNSL, Yale University, Rhodes College, WNSL, Yale University; University of Surrey, WNSL, Yale University; TU Darmstadt, U.Tenn, UNIRIB, ORAU, Oak Ridge, TN, LSU, LA, National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, Penn State Altoona, NC A\&T State Univ., TUNL, UCSD, Union College, Wright Nuclear Structure Laboratory, Yale University, Institut für Kernphysik, Universität zu Köln, University of Bergen, Norway, Marymount Manhattan College, New York, Physics Department, New York City College of Technology, CUNY, Tel Aviv University, NSCL, TUNL/Duke University, WNSL, Istanbul Univ., Turkey, WNSL, Univ. Surrey, UK, WNSL, Clark Univ., WNSL, WNSL, FSU, TU Darmstadt, Germany, TRIUMF, Canada, IEP Warsaw U, Miss St U, UNIRIB/ORAU, U Milan/INFN, MSU/NSCL, U. Tennessee, Krakow, Warsaw, Vanderbilt, LSU, Miss. St. U., University of Tokyo, Japan, INFN, Sezione di Padova and Universit\'a di Padova, Italy, University of Aizu, Japan, INFN, Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, Italy, Institute of Nuclear Physics, PAN, Poland, EBAC@JLab, Osaka University, Texas A\&M University-Commerce, Shanghai Jiao-Tung University, INF and UNAM, Physics Division, Oak Ridge National Lab, State University of New York at Oswego, Dept. of Physics \& Astronomy University of Tennessee, Dept. of Physics \& Astronomy University of Notre-Dame, Dept. of Chemistry, Oregon State Univ., Physic Divsion, Oak Ridge National Lab, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824-1321, University of Michigan Ann Arbor, University of Dayton, Institut Laue-Langevin, National Institute of Standards and Technology, UNC Wilmington, Tulane University, Harvard University, North Carolina State University, JINR, Gettysburg College, Univ. of Washington, The Univ. of Winnipeg, The George Washington Univ., Indiana Univ./IUCF, Indiana University, North Carolina State, Univ. Complutense de Madrid, INFN, Roma, Italy, Cal. State Univ., Los Angeles, LLNL, LANL AND LLNL, Duke and TUNL, NC A\&T and TUNL, North Carolina A\&T/TUNL, University of North Carolina/TUNL, Duke University/TUNL, SUNY Stony Brook Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan Physics Department, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ursinus College, Pennsylvania, National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, Michigan, IUSB, RIKEN, CONCORDIA, MARQUETTE, HOPE, WABASH, FSU, LBNL, University of California, Berkeley, STUK, Finland, Departments of Chemistry and Physics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, University of Richmond, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratoryf, Michigan State University and Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics, IFIN-HH, Bucharest, Romania, Institute of Nuclear Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic, University of Washington, NAOJ, University of Chicago, Physics Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Tennessee, NSCL, Michigan State University, The Ohio State University and Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics, NSCL, Michigan State University and Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics, UNC, Tenn. Tech. Univ., University of Illinois at Chicago, New Mexico State University

  • M. Burkhardt

    Texas A\&M, AIST, Konan U., Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Rutgers University, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, 94550, USA, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA, Charles Univ. Prague, Los Alamos National Laboratory, North Carolina State University/TUNL, Yale University, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Manchester, GANIL, Caen, Penn State Altoona \& TUNL, N.C. A\&T University \& TUNL, N.C. Central University \& TUNL, TUNL \& Duke University, All-Russian Research Institute of Technical Physics, Russia, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Yale Univ., Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Surrey Univ., ANL, Washington University, Univ. of Oslo, Univ. of Tennessee, Univ. of Bonn, Univ. di Milano, NBI, Mississippi State Univ., Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Univ. of Manchester, UK, UGC-DAE Consortium for Scientific Research, India, Univ. of Notre Dame, Argonne National Lab, Argonne National Lab/Univ. of Notre Dame, South Dakota School Mines \& Technology, Augustina College, Duke Univ. and TUNL, LANL, Samford Univ., NCSU and TUNL, UNC and TUNL, NCCU, California Institute of Technology, Duke U., Yale U., U. of York, TRIUMF, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, ATOMKI, Debrecen, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Instituto de Estructura de la Materia, CSIC, Madrid, National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, East Lansing, MI, Duke U. \& TUNL, University of Maryland, USA, CERN, Switzerland, University of York, K.U. Leuven, Belgium, University of Liverpool, UK, Oregon State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, WNSL, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, WNSL, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520; Department of Chemistry, Clark University, Worcester, MA 01610, WNSL, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520; Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, UK, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, Wright Nuclear Structure Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, UK, Clark University, Worcester, MA 01610, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, USA, UGC-DAE CSR, Kolkata Centre, India, University of Notre Dame, Indiana, USA, University of Kentucky, Petersburg Nucl. Phys. Inst., Texas A\&M University, U. Tenn., ORNL, ANU, Rutgers, University of Notre Dame, Michigan State University, University of Maryland, Georgia Tech., Tsinghua University, Vanderbilt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Vanderbilt University, University of York, United Kingdom, St. Mary's University, Canada, University of Washington, Seattle, Queens University, Canada, TRIUMF, Vancouver, Canada, University of Guelph, Canada, Cyclotron Institute at Texas A\&M University, Cyclotron Institute, Texas A\&M University, UC Berkeley Dept. of Physics/Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Pacif Northwest National Laboratory, OSU, Notre Dame, MSU, Surrey/Rutgers, IFJ PAN, ORAU, CSM, UTK, Ohio U., TTU, UNC-CH, Rutgers Univ\@. \& Univ\@. Surrey, Tenn\@. Tech\@. Univ., Colorado Sch\@. of Mines, Rutgers Univ., Tenn\@. Tech\@. Univ\@., Rutgers Univ\@. \& Univ\@. Tenn\@., ORAU \& LLNL, UNC-CH \& NIST, Yale Univ\@., U of NC, U of TN, ORNL, CO School of Mines, U of Sao Paulo, IUAC, India, Hebrew University, Colorado School of Mines, Northwestern University, Western Michigan University, Radiation Monitoring Devices, Inc., Augustine Engineering, University of Virginia, University of Tennessee, Tennessee Technological University, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, University of Guelph, Micron Semiconductor Ltd., 1 Royal Buildings, Marlborough Road, Lancing Business Park, Lancing, Sussex, BN15 8SJ, UK, Cyclotron Institute,Texas A\&M University, College Station, TX 77843, Radiation Monitoring Devices Inc., MIT, Brandeis, Boston University, The Ohio State University, Kellog Caltech, University of York, UK, University of Edinburgh, UK, University of Jyvaskyla, Finland, U. Wien, McMaster U., Racah Institute of Physics, VERA, U. of North B.C., U. of Munster, Simon Fraser U., Clemson U., U. North Carolina, Col. School of Mines, Tenn. Tech. U., Hamilton College, U Sussex, U Maryland, Tulane U, NIST, U Michigan, Arizona State University, University of Connecticut, ORNL/UT-K, UT-K, Michigan Technological University, Texas A\&M Cyclotron Institute, Ursinus College, Purdue University Calumet, GSI, Florida State University, Ohio Wesleyan University, Department of Physics, Western Michigan University, Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, Departments of Physics and Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, WNSL, Yale University, Rhodes College, WNSL, Yale University; University of Surrey, WNSL, Yale University; TU Darmstadt, U.Tenn, UNIRIB, ORAU, Oak Ridge, TN, LSU, LA, National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, Penn State Altoona, NC A\&T State Univ., TUNL, UCSD, Union College, Wright Nuclear Structure Laboratory, Yale University, Institut für Kernphysik, Universität zu Köln, University of Bergen, Norway, Marymount Manhattan College, New York, Physics Department, New York City College of Technology, CUNY, Tel Aviv University, NSCL, TUNL/Duke University, WNSL, Istanbul Univ., Turkey, WNSL, Univ. Surrey, UK, WNSL, Clark Univ., WNSL, WNSL, FSU, TU Darmstadt, Germany, TRIUMF, Canada, IEP Warsaw U, Miss St U, UNIRIB/ORAU, U Milan/INFN, MSU/NSCL, U. Tennessee, Krakow, Warsaw, Vanderbilt, LSU, Miss. St. U., University of Tokyo, Japan, INFN, Sezione di Padova and Universit\'a di Padova, Italy, University of Aizu, Japan, INFN, Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, Italy, Institute of Nuclear Physics, PAN, Poland, EBAC@JLab, Osaka University, Texas A\&M University-Commerce, Shanghai Jiao-Tung University, INF and UNAM, Physics Division, Oak Ridge National Lab, State University of New York at Oswego, Dept. of Physics \& Astronomy University of Tennessee, Dept. of Physics \& Astronomy University of Notre-Dame, Dept. of Chemistry, Oregon State Univ., Physic Divsion, Oak Ridge National Lab, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824-1321, University of Michigan Ann Arbor, University of Dayton, Institut Laue-Langevin, National Institute of Standards and Technology, UNC Wilmington, Tulane University, Harvard University, North Carolina State University, JINR, Gettysburg College, Univ. of Washington, The Univ. of Winnipeg, The George Washington Univ., Indiana Univ./IUCF, Indiana University, North Carolina State, Univ. Complutense de Madrid, INFN, Roma, Italy, Cal. State Univ., Los Angeles, LLNL, LANL AND LLNL, Duke and TUNL, NC A\&T and TUNL, North Carolina A\&T/TUNL, University of North Carolina/TUNL, Duke University/TUNL, SUNY Stony Brook Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan Physics Department, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ursinus College, Pennsylvania, National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, Michigan, IUSB, RIKEN, CONCORDIA, MARQUETTE, HOPE, WABASH, FSU, LBNL, University of California, Berkeley, STUK, Finland, Departments of Chemistry and Physics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, University of Richmond, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratoryf, Michigan State University and Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics, IFIN-HH, Bucharest, Romania, Institute of Nuclear Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic, University of Washington, NAOJ, University of Chicago, Physics Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Tennessee, NSCL, Michigan State University, The Ohio State University and Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics, NSCL, Michigan State University and Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics, UNC, Tenn. Tech. Univ., University of Illinois at Chicago, New Mexico State University

  • M. Burkhardt

    Texas A\&M, AIST, Konan U., Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Rutgers University, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, 94550, USA, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA, Charles Univ. Prague, Los Alamos National Laboratory, North Carolina State University/TUNL, Yale University, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Manchester, GANIL, Caen, Penn State Altoona \& TUNL, N.C. A\&T University \& TUNL, N.C. Central University \& TUNL, TUNL \& Duke University, All-Russian Research Institute of Technical Physics, Russia, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Yale Univ., Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Surrey Univ., ANL, Washington University, Univ. of Oslo, Univ. of Tennessee, Univ. of Bonn, Univ. di Milano, NBI, Mississippi State Univ., Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Univ. of Manchester, UK, UGC-DAE Consortium for Scientific Research, India, Univ. of Notre Dame, Argonne National Lab, Argonne National Lab/Univ. of Notre Dame, South Dakota School Mines \& Technology, Augustina College, Duke Univ. and TUNL, LANL, Samford Univ., NCSU and TUNL, UNC and TUNL, NCCU, California Institute of Technology, Duke U., Yale U., U. of York, TRIUMF, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, ATOMKI, Debrecen, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Instituto de Estructura de la Materia, CSIC, Madrid, National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, East Lansing, MI, Duke U. \& TUNL, University of Maryland, USA, CERN, Switzerland, University of York, K.U. Leuven, Belgium, University of Liverpool, UK, Oregon State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, WNSL, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, WNSL, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520; Department of Chemistry, Clark University, Worcester, MA 01610, WNSL, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520; Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, UK, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, Wright Nuclear Structure Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, UK, Clark University, Worcester, MA 01610, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, USA, UGC-DAE CSR, Kolkata Centre, India, University of Notre Dame, Indiana, USA, University of Kentucky, Petersburg Nucl. Phys. Inst., Texas A\&M University, U. Tenn., ORNL, ANU, Rutgers, University of Notre Dame, Michigan State University, University of Maryland, Georgia Tech., Tsinghua University, Vanderbilt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Vanderbilt University, University of York, United Kingdom, St. Mary's University, Canada, University of Washington, Seattle, Queens University, Canada, TRIUMF, Vancouver, Canada, University of Guelph, Canada, Cyclotron Institute at Texas A\&M University, Cyclotron Institute, Texas A\&M University, UC Berkeley Dept. of Physics/Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Pacif Northwest National Laboratory, OSU, Notre Dame, MSU, Surrey/Rutgers, IFJ PAN, ORAU, CSM, UTK, Ohio U., TTU, UNC-CH, Rutgers Univ\@. \& Univ\@. Surrey, Tenn\@. Tech\@. Univ., Colorado Sch\@. of Mines, Rutgers Univ., Tenn\@. Tech\@. Univ\@., Rutgers Univ\@. \& Univ\@. Tenn\@., ORAU \& LLNL, UNC-CH \& NIST, Yale Univ\@., U of NC, U of TN, ORNL, CO School of Mines, U of Sao Paulo, IUAC, India, Hebrew University, Colorado School of Mines, Northwestern University, Western Michigan University, Radiation Monitoring Devices, Inc., Augustine Engineering, University of Virginia, University of Tennessee, Tennessee Technological University, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, University of Guelph, Micron Semiconductor Ltd., 1 Royal Buildings, Marlborough Road, Lancing Business Park, Lancing, Sussex, BN15 8SJ, UK, Cyclotron Institute,Texas A\&M University, College Station, TX 77843, Radiation Monitoring Devices Inc., MIT, Brandeis, Boston University, The Ohio State University, Kellog Caltech, University of York, UK, University of Edinburgh, UK, University of Jyvaskyla, Finland, U. Wien, McMaster U., Racah Institute of Physics, VERA, U. of North B.C., U. of Munster, Simon Fraser U., Clemson U., U. North Carolina, Col. School of Mines, Tenn. Tech. U., Hamilton College, U Sussex, U Maryland, Tulane U, NIST, U Michigan, Arizona State University, University of Connecticut, ORNL/UT-K, UT-K, Michigan Technological University, Texas A\&M Cyclotron Institute, Ursinus College, Purdue University Calumet, GSI, Florida State University, Ohio Wesleyan University, Department of Physics, Western Michigan University, Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, Departments of Physics and Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, WNSL, Yale University, Rhodes College, WNSL, Yale University; University of Surrey, WNSL, Yale University; TU Darmstadt, U.Tenn, UNIRIB, ORAU, Oak Ridge, TN, LSU, LA, National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, Penn State Altoona, NC A\&T State Univ., TUNL, UCSD, Union College, Wright Nuclear Structure Laboratory, Yale University, Institut für Kernphysik, Universität zu Köln, University of Bergen, Norway, Marymount Manhattan College, New York, Physics Department, New York City College of Technology, CUNY, Tel Aviv University, NSCL, TUNL/Duke University, WNSL, Istanbul Univ., Turkey, WNSL, Univ. Surrey, UK, WNSL, Clark Univ., WNSL, WNSL, FSU, TU Darmstadt, Germany, TRIUMF, Canada, IEP Warsaw U, Miss St U, UNIRIB/ORAU, U Milan/INFN, MSU/NSCL, U. Tennessee, Krakow, Warsaw, Vanderbilt, LSU, Miss. St. U., University of Tokyo, Japan, INFN, Sezione di Padova and Universit\'a di Padova, Italy, University of Aizu, Japan, INFN, Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, Italy, Institute of Nuclear Physics, PAN, Poland, EBAC@JLab, Osaka University, Texas A\&M University-Commerce, Shanghai Jiao-Tung University, INF and UNAM, Physics Division, Oak Ridge National Lab, State University of New York at Oswego, Dept. of Physics \& Astronomy University of Tennessee, Dept. of Physics \& Astronomy University of Notre-Dame, Dept. of Chemistry, Oregon State Univ., Physic Divsion, Oak Ridge National Lab, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824-1321, University of Michigan Ann Arbor, University of Dayton, Institut Laue-Langevin, National Institute of Standards and Technology, UNC Wilmington, Tulane University, Harvard University, North Carolina State University, JINR, Gettysburg College, Univ. of Washington, The Univ. of Winnipeg, The George Washington Univ., Indiana Univ./IUCF, Indiana University, North Carolina State, Univ. Complutense de Madrid, INFN, Roma, Italy, Cal. State Univ., Los Angeles, LLNL, LANL AND LLNL, Duke and TUNL, NC A\&T and TUNL, North Carolina A\&T/TUNL, University of North Carolina/TUNL, Duke University/TUNL, SUNY Stony Brook Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan Physics Department, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ursinus College, Pennsylvania, National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, Michigan, IUSB, RIKEN, CONCORDIA, MARQUETTE, HOPE, WABASH, FSU, LBNL, University of California, Berkeley, STUK, Finland, Departments of Chemistry and Physics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, University of Richmond, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratoryf, Michigan State University and Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics, IFIN-HH, Bucharest, Romania, Institute of Nuclear Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic, University of Washington, NAOJ, University of Chicago, Physics Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Tennessee, NSCL, Michigan State University, The Ohio State University and Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics, NSCL, Michigan State University and Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics, UNC, Tenn. Tech. Univ., University of Illinois at Chicago, New Mexico State University

  • M. Burkhardt

    Texas A\&M, AIST, Konan U., Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Rutgers University, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, 94550, USA, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA, Charles Univ. Prague, Los Alamos National Laboratory, North Carolina State University/TUNL, Yale University, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Manchester, GANIL, Caen, Penn State Altoona \& TUNL, N.C. A\&T University \& TUNL, N.C. Central University \& TUNL, TUNL \& Duke University, All-Russian Research Institute of Technical Physics, Russia, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Yale Univ., Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Surrey Univ., ANL, Washington University, Univ. of Oslo, Univ. of Tennessee, Univ. of Bonn, Univ. di Milano, NBI, Mississippi State Univ., Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Univ. of Manchester, UK, UGC-DAE Consortium for Scientific Research, India, Univ. of Notre Dame, Argonne National Lab, Argonne National Lab/Univ. of Notre Dame, South Dakota School Mines \& Technology, Augustina College, Duke Univ. and TUNL, LANL, Samford Univ., NCSU and TUNL, UNC and TUNL, NCCU, California Institute of Technology, Duke U., Yale U., U. of York, TRIUMF, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, ATOMKI, Debrecen, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Instituto de Estructura de la Materia, CSIC, Madrid, National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, East Lansing, MI, Duke U. \& TUNL, University of Maryland, USA, CERN, Switzerland, University of York, K.U. Leuven, Belgium, University of Liverpool, UK, Oregon State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, WNSL, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, WNSL, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520; Department of Chemistry, Clark University, Worcester, MA 01610, WNSL, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520; Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, UK, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, Wright Nuclear Structure Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, UK, Clark University, Worcester, MA 01610, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, USA, UGC-DAE CSR, Kolkata Centre, India, University of Notre Dame, Indiana, USA, University of Kentucky, Petersburg Nucl. Phys. Inst., Texas A\&M University, U. Tenn., ORNL, ANU, Rutgers, University of Notre Dame, Michigan State University, University of Maryland, Georgia Tech., Tsinghua University, Vanderbilt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Vanderbilt University, University of York, United Kingdom, St. Mary's University, Canada, University of Washington, Seattle, Queens University, Canada, TRIUMF, Vancouver, Canada, University of Guelph, Canada, Cyclotron Institute at Texas A\&M University, Cyclotron Institute, Texas A\&M University, UC Berkeley Dept. of Physics/Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Pacif Northwest National Laboratory, OSU, Notre Dame, MSU, Surrey/Rutgers, IFJ PAN, ORAU, CSM, UTK, Ohio U., TTU, UNC-CH, Rutgers Univ\@. \& Univ\@. Surrey, Tenn\@. Tech\@. Univ., Colorado Sch\@. of Mines, Rutgers Univ., Tenn\@. Tech\@. Univ\@., Rutgers Univ\@. \& Univ\@. Tenn\@., ORAU \& LLNL, UNC-CH \& NIST, Yale Univ\@., U of NC, U of TN, ORNL, CO School of Mines, U of Sao Paulo, IUAC, India, Hebrew University, Colorado School of Mines, Northwestern University, Western Michigan University, Radiation Monitoring Devices, Inc., Augustine Engineering, University of Virginia, University of Tennessee, Tennessee Technological University, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, University of Guelph, Micron Semiconductor Ltd., 1 Royal Buildings, Marlborough Road, Lancing Business Park, Lancing, Sussex, BN15 8SJ, UK, Cyclotron Institute,Texas A\&M University, College Station, TX 77843, Radiation Monitoring Devices Inc., MIT, Brandeis, Boston University, The Ohio State University, Kellog Caltech, University of York, UK, University of Edinburgh, UK, University of Jyvaskyla, Finland, U. Wien, McMaster U., Racah Institute of Physics, VERA, U. of North B.C., U. of Munster, Simon Fraser U., Clemson U., U. North Carolina, Col. School of Mines, Tenn. Tech. U., Hamilton College, U Sussex, U Maryland, Tulane U, NIST, U Michigan, Arizona State University, University of Connecticut, ORNL/UT-K, UT-K, Michigan Technological University, Texas A\&M Cyclotron Institute, Ursinus College, Purdue University Calumet, GSI, Florida State University, Ohio Wesleyan University, Department of Physics, Western Michigan University, Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, Departments of Physics and Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, WNSL, Yale University, Rhodes College, WNSL, Yale University; University of Surrey, WNSL, Yale University; TU Darmstadt, U.Tenn, UNIRIB, ORAU, Oak Ridge, TN, LSU, LA, National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, Penn State Altoona, NC A\&T State Univ., TUNL, UCSD, Union College, Wright Nuclear Structure Laboratory, Yale University, Institut für Kernphysik, Universität zu Köln, University of Bergen, Norway, Marymount Manhattan College, New York, Physics Department, New York City College of Technology, CUNY, Tel Aviv University, NSCL, TUNL/Duke University, WNSL, Istanbul Univ., Turkey, WNSL, Univ. Surrey, UK, WNSL, Clark Univ., WNSL, WNSL, FSU, TU Darmstadt, Germany, TRIUMF, Canada, IEP Warsaw U, Miss St U, UNIRIB/ORAU, U Milan/INFN, MSU/NSCL, U. Tennessee, Krakow, Warsaw, Vanderbilt, LSU, Miss. St. U., University of Tokyo, Japan, INFN, Sezione di Padova and Universit\'a di Padova, Italy, University of Aizu, Japan, INFN, Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, Italy, Institute of Nuclear Physics, PAN, Poland, EBAC@JLab, Osaka University, Texas A\&M University-Commerce, Shanghai Jiao-Tung University, INF and UNAM, Physics Division, Oak Ridge National Lab, State University of New York at Oswego, Dept. of Physics \& Astronomy University of Tennessee, Dept. of Physics \& Astronomy University of Notre-Dame, Dept. of Chemistry, Oregon State Univ., Physic Divsion, Oak Ridge National Lab, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824-1321, University of Michigan Ann Arbor, University of Dayton, Institut Laue-Langevin, National Institute of Standards and Technology, UNC Wilmington, Tulane University, Harvard University, North Carolina State University, JINR, Gettysburg College, Univ. of Washington, The Univ. of Winnipeg, The George Washington Univ., Indiana Univ./IUCF, Indiana University, North Carolina State, Univ. Complutense de Madrid, INFN, Roma, Italy, Cal. State Univ., Los Angeles, LLNL, LANL AND LLNL, Duke and TUNL, NC A\&T and TUNL, North Carolina A\&T/TUNL, University of North Carolina/TUNL, Duke University/TUNL, SUNY Stony Brook Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Michigan Physics Department, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ursinus College, Pennsylvania, National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, Michigan, IUSB, RIKEN, CONCORDIA, MARQUETTE, HOPE, WABASH, FSU, LBNL, University of California, Berkeley, STUK, Finland, Departments of Chemistry and Physics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, University of Richmond, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratoryf, Michigan State University and Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics, IFIN-HH, Bucharest, Romania, Institute of Nuclear Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic, University of Washington, NAOJ, University of Chicago, Physics Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Tennessee, NSCL, Michigan State University, The Ohio State University and Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics, NSCL, Michigan State University and Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics, UNC, Tenn. Tech. Univ., University of Illinois at Chicago, New Mexico State University