An Image-Based Investigation of 2D Axisymmetric and 3D Models for the Wave Augmented Varicose Explosions Atomizer

Atomization of non-Newtonian, high-viscosity fluids is a challenge with broad applications, including combustion, food processing, and biomedical systems. The Wave Augmented Varicose Explosions (WAVE) atomizer offers a promising method by using wave dynamics to facilitate multi-stage breakup. This study employs CFD and wave image processing techniques to compare 3D and 2D axisymmetric (2DA) models, analyzing wave frequency, amplitude, and height statistics across varying geometric and physical parameters. Results show that 2DA models systematically underpredict 3D wave frequency and average height while overpredicting temporal standard deviation, capturing key trends despite missing full 3D breakup physics. These findings demonstrate where 2DA models offer viable, lower-cost surrogates for early-stage 3D atomizer design, providing a framework that preserves essential physical behavior while dramatically reducing computational overhead.