The dynamics of internal waves interacting with double-ridge system

The interaction of internal waves with topographic features such as seamounts, canyons, slopes, and ridges plays a critical role in geophysical fluid dynamics. These interactions often result in wave breaking, turbulence, enhanced mixing, and the redistribution of wave energy. While much of the existing research has focused on single-ridge scenarios—yielding both qualitative and quantitative insights—realistic oceanic topography often comprises multiple ridges, either closely spaced or distributed farther apart. Previous studies suggest that when two ridges are in close proximity, mixing and dissipation of internal wave energy are significantly enhanced in the region between them. The downstream extent over which topographic interactions substantially influence the internal wave field is referred to as the region of local influence. This research aims to investigate how the placement of an additional ridge—either within or outside the local influence region of a primary ridge— as well as their relative heights, affects the dynamics and energetics of internal wave–topography interactions.