Nanoscale Fluid–Structure Interaction for Flow-Induced Dynamic Instability in Carbon Nanotubes

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are increasingly used in nano-fluidic platforms for biomedical applications such as drug delivery, biosensing, and targeted molecular transport. Understanding their flow-induced dynamic instability and behavior is crucial for ensuring mechanical stability and reliable function in these settings. In this study, we investigate the dynamic response of fluid-conveying single-walled CNTs under different nano-flow conditions, incorporating different methods for nanoscale modeling and computational analysis (e.g., the differential quadrature method). Nano-flow effects are also incorporated via Knudsen number–dependent slip boundary condition models. A modified fluid–structure interaction framework is developed at the nanoscale and solved via either the differential quadrature method or the Galerkin weighted residual method to extract complex eigenfrequencies. Parametric studies reveal that rarefaction, slip boundary conditions, and flow profiles significantly affect eigenfrequency spectra and therefore the dynamic instability of CNTs. The findings underscore the need for refined modeling in biomedical CNT-based devices (e.g., for drug delivery or molecular transport applications), where nanoscale flow and structural resonance can impact device safety and performance.