Phase-resolved reconstruction and forecasting of nonlinear ocean wave fields using buoy array.

Phase-resolved reconstruction and prediction of ocean wave fields are crucial for ship operations under rough sea states. Wave data collected by buoy arrays deployed in the ocean can be utilized for this purpose. In this study, we propose a new higher-order model for wave reconstruction and prediction based on buoy array measurements. An iterative optimization method is used to improve the accuracy of phase-resolved wave information inverted from the buoy data. The model is validated through comparison with experimental data. Both long-crested and short-crested wave scenarios are systematically investigated. Furthermore, we examine the influence of wave spreading, water depth, and nonlinearity on the model's accuracy. It is found that the higher-order wave reconstruction and prediction model is rather efficient, and shows a better accuracy than the linear and second-order models in predicting the phase and amplitude of waves, especially in rough sea states. The prediction results of the high-order model provide safety guarantee for ships operating in dangerous sea states.