A peridynamics coupled computational fluid dynamics framework for modeling fluid–thrombus interactions
ORAL
Abstract
Purpose
Clot embolization in cardiovascular devices can lead to severe complications such as acute ischemic stroke and myocardial infarction. Although existing computational models have extensively characterized thrombus initiation and propagation, research has been limited in simulating the mechanical deformation and subsequent fragmentation of blood clots subjected to fluid dynamic forces. This investigation presents a novel computational framework that elucidates fluid-thrombus interactions by integrating principles of fluid and fracture mechanics. The framework enables the modeling of the temporal evolution of a thrombus and the simultaneous assessment of its structural integrity across diverse flow regimes.
Method
The constitutive response of a blood clot was captured through the meshless framework of peridynamics. For simulating fluid–thrombus interactions, PD was coupled with the CFD solver of OpenFOAM using the immersed body method. Additionally, adhesive forces between a blood clot and a biomaterial surface were modeled using springs calibrated against experimental data.
Results
The computational framework was validated against various one- and two-way coupled benchmarks. One-way coupled test cases included: (1) The classic lid-driven cavity case, (2) Cylinder oscillating in stationary flow, and (3) Drag, Lift, and Strouhal number of flow past a cylinder at Re 40 and 100. Two-way coupling was validated by simulating the 3D beam in a cross-flow case. Excellent correlations were found between our simulation and data published in the literature.
Finally, inspired by the paper of Tobin et al., we deployed our solver to generate preliminary results for a preformed clot in a cylindrical Ti tube. During the simulation, we observed two distinct physical processes. First, fluid forces caused the clot to detach from its anchored position on the vessel wall. Subsequently, upon entering the main flow field, elevated fluid stresses and stress gradients fragmented the detached thrombus into smaller embolic bodies. Observation of these two phenomena provides us with considerable confidence that the framework will enable us to capture the physics of physiological thrombus embolization.
Clot embolization in cardiovascular devices can lead to severe complications such as acute ischemic stroke and myocardial infarction. Although existing computational models have extensively characterized thrombus initiation and propagation, research has been limited in simulating the mechanical deformation and subsequent fragmentation of blood clots subjected to fluid dynamic forces. This investigation presents a novel computational framework that elucidates fluid-thrombus interactions by integrating principles of fluid and fracture mechanics. The framework enables the modeling of the temporal evolution of a thrombus and the simultaneous assessment of its structural integrity across diverse flow regimes.
Method
The constitutive response of a blood clot was captured through the meshless framework of peridynamics. For simulating fluid–thrombus interactions, PD was coupled with the CFD solver of OpenFOAM using the immersed body method. Additionally, adhesive forces between a blood clot and a biomaterial surface were modeled using springs calibrated against experimental data.
Results
The computational framework was validated against various one- and two-way coupled benchmarks. One-way coupled test cases included: (1) The classic lid-driven cavity case, (2) Cylinder oscillating in stationary flow, and (3) Drag, Lift, and Strouhal number of flow past a cylinder at Re 40 and 100. Two-way coupling was validated by simulating the 3D beam in a cross-flow case. Excellent correlations were found between our simulation and data published in the literature.
Finally, inspired by the paper of Tobin et al., we deployed our solver to generate preliminary results for a preformed clot in a cylindrical Ti tube. During the simulation, we observed two distinct physical processes. First, fluid forces caused the clot to detach from its anchored position on the vessel wall. Subsequently, upon entering the main flow field, elevated fluid stresses and stress gradients fragmented the detached thrombus into smaller embolic bodies. Observation of these two phenomena provides us with considerable confidence that the framework will enable us to capture the physics of physiological thrombus embolization.
–
Presenters
-
Abhishek Karmakar
Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
Authors
-
Abhishek Karmakar
Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
-
Greg W Bugreen
Center for Advanced Vehicular Systems, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, USA
-
James F Antaki
Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA