Capturing stability and Coriolis effects in fast-running wind farm modeling enabled by high-throughput large eddy simulations

Wake interactions within a wind farm can substantially reduce downstream power production, with the magnitude of losses strongly influenced by atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) stability and Coriolis effects. Efficiently modeling these wakes remains a key challenge, as current analytical models of mean wake deficits poorly capture the non-axisymmetric effects of yaw, wind shear/veer, and Coriolis forcing. Instead, we use a wake modeling framework derived from the parabolized RANS equations, enabling flexible incorporation of additional ABL effects. To identify important forcing terms that govern wake dynamics in the ABL, we perform 150 large eddy simulations (LES) of single-turbine wakes across a wide range of turbulence intensities, shear, veer, and Rossby numbers. From these simulations, we develop new models for Coriolis and stability effects through an approximate solution to the lateral momentum budget and improved turbulence model formulation, respectively. We then evaluate the predictive performance of various wake models against LES of wind farm flows for several ABL conditions and flow control strategies. The fast-running parabolized RANS model captures key forcings across operating conditions and offers insights into leveraging ABL physics to improve wind plant design and operation.