3D Reconstruction of the Left Ventricle and Valves Using 2D Echocardiography for CFD

The deformation of the left ventricle (LV) is important as it plays a significant role in blood circulation. Echocardiography (echo), a non-invasive imaging method, is coupled with CFD to carry out ventricular flow simulations. Six standard 2D echo projections (3 long-axis and 3 short-axis) are used to perform a 3D reconstruction of the LV. The reconstruction also includes torsional motion which is part of LV dynamics and is expected to influence ventricular flow. The lateral short-axis sections are provided with rotation about each layer's geometric centre. From base to apex, linear interpolation is employed to add torsion to the lateral sections. Therefore, both linear and angular deformation are reconsidered for the 3D reconstruction of LV. Upon mitral and aortic valve reconstruction, ventricular flow simulations are carried out. The geometric verification is done with respect to sonomicrometry data. It is intended to compare the results against Doppler velocity (ultrasound) measurements and invasive pressure (catheter) readings as part of CFD validation.