High-Fidelity Simulations of Single and Tandem Perforated Elastic Vortex Generators

Vortex generators (VGs) are essential for enhancing mixing across various industrial sectors. Research on Rigid Vortex Generators (RVGs) has shown significant improvements in mixing but with notable pressure drops. Flexible or elastic vortex generators (EVGs) offer enhanced performance with lower pressure drops, yet further innovations are needed to reduce pressure drops further while maintaining efficiency. This study explores the use of single and tandem perforated EVGs (PEVGs) to achieve a more efficient vortex generator. High-fidelity 2-way coupled Fluid Structure Interaction (FSI) simulations are conducted to investigate the response of PEVGs across a wide range of dimensionless rigidity, mass ratios, Reynolds numbers, and porosity levels. Additional simulations for non-perforated EVGs are conducted for comparison and validation against available experimental data. The dynamics of PEVGs are examined by analyzing response characteristics such as inclination angle, phase portrait, and response harmonics. Local flow dynamics are also studied by investigating vortical structures and velocity fields. Based on the defined parameters, various flexibility modes and patterns are observed, and the wakes associated with these different modes are compared and analyzed for both perforated and non-perforated EVGs, as well as for the single and tandem configurations.