Study on the Spray Characteristics of an Internal-mixing twin fluid Nozzle under Crossflow Conditions

This study investigates the spray characteristics of an internal-mixing twin-fluid nozzle in crossflow conditions, focusing on the effects of Air-to-Liquid mass ratio (ALR) using flow visualization techniques. The spray characteristics depend on the ALR and Reynolds number of crossflow. As the ALR decreased, the droplets did not receive sufficient energy for breakup, resulting in reduced atomization. Consequently, the penetration distance increased due to the momentum of larger droplets, and relatively higher velocity was observed in the spray core region compared to the crossflow velocity. To analyze the droplet size, droplet diameter with areas equivalent to the spray droplet regions and distribution were obtained in the shadowgraph images. Droplet sizes were measured according to the ALR, spray distance, and spray height. A higher ALR typically results in smaller droplets due to more efficient atomization. This study is significant because it provides detailed insights into the atomization processes of a jet in crossflow using a twin-fluid nozzle. By analyzing the effects of the ALR on spray characteristics, this study helps in understanding how different parameters influence droplet formation and behavior. This knowledge is crucial for optimizing industrial applications that utilize twin-fluid nozzles.