Hydrodynamics of fossil ammonites: results of a Research Experience for Undergraduates

We present the framework of, and reflections on, a pilot Research Experience for Undergraduates focused on biomechanics in extinct ammonites (squid-like molluscs). We welcomed 5 students from Salt Lake Community College to the University of Utah for a 6-week course of immersive training in fossils, 3D modeling, and fundamental hydrostatics and hydrodynamics experimentation and simulation. Each student designed simple experiments to explore the locomotion trade-offs of ammonoid conch shapes. These seashell fossils record extensive shape variance through 400 Ma of global ocean system change. Students designed and 3D-printed ammonoid conch models that could achieve adjustable neutral buoyancy. By comparing the different models’ behavior in a swimming pool, each student tested an expected interaction between form and function, focusing chiefly on differences between conch geometry and ornamentation. Students also compared their observations to Computational Fluid Dynamics simulations in ANSYS fluent. Here, participants share their project results and broader lessons from the program. Funded by the National Science Foundation, this event shows the merits of inquiry-based experiential learning and is a baseline for an expanded annual REU Site.