Paper-based microfluidic device to identify multiple adulterants in beverage samples

Food adulteration is a significant concern in both developed and developing countries due to its potential to cause severe health issues in consumers. In the context of modern busy lifestyles, packed liquid beverages like juices, soups, coffee, energy drinks, and soft drinks are often consumed for instant energy. This research introduces a novel approach utilizing a paper-based microfluidic device, operating on the principle of capillarity, designed and developed to identify multiple adulterants in beverage samples simultaneously. The device is compact and portable, adhering to the ASSURED criteria set by the WHO. It utilizes the inherent properties of a porous substrate to retain and transport fluid. This three-dimensional product features multiple reaction zones, facilitating simultaneous detection and transportation of fluids. The inclusion of a specialized paper holder containing multiple detection zones ensures an optimized and uniform flow path within the device.

For the first time, this microfluidic device can detect seven different adulterants present in beverage samples, while also evaluating their specificity and conducting detailed color interference analysis. This innovative device requires only 3-4 mL of sample volume to detect all seven adulterants simultaneously. The colorimetric reaction used for detecting the adulterants yields results within seconds, with the limit of detection (LOD) for adulterants ranging from 2-6% by volume through the colorimetric detection method. The unknown quantities of adulterants are quantified using calibration curves derived from experimental results. Alongside statistical analysis of color intensity data, the study examines the repeatability, reproducibility, sensitivity, and linear range of detection of the process. This user-friendly and portable 3D microfluidic device offers a straightforward solution for detecting adulterants in beverages and other liquid food items. It presents a promising approach for resource-limited settings, allowing for convenient and reliable testing of food products before consumption. This innovative technology has the potential to significantly mitigate the risks associated with liquid food adulteration and enhance food safety standards in regions where such issues persist.