Volumetric Particle Tracking Velocimetry of Cerebrospinal Flow in the Spinal Subarachnoid space

This study investigates the impact of nerve roots on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) dynamics within the spinal subarachnoid space (SSS). Proper regulation of CSF dynamics is critical for maintaining the physiological functions of the central nervous system (CNS). Disturbances in CSF flow can lead to various neurological disorders, highlighting the importance of understanding the underlying fluid dynamics. The nerve roots are prominent anatomical structures within the SSS and are believed to influence CSF flow patterns significantly. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models are commonly employed to simulate CSF flow, incorporating anatomical features such as nerve roots. However, the assumptions and spatial resolution limitations of current in-vivo imaging methods necessitate the experimental validation of these models using benchtop in-vitro experiments. We conducted controlled in-vitro experiments using volumetric Particle Tracking Velocimetry (PTV). We explore the effects of both steady and pulsatile flow conditions, employing a half-sine velocity waveform, on CSF dynamics at various locations within the geometry. We analyze the velocity fields within the SSS, providing high-resolution, three-dimensional insights into CSF flow dynamics.