Scaling for the latitudinal dependence of convection in the geostrophic regime

Turbulent convection, prevalent in various geophysical and astrophysical systems, significantly impacts heat transport, which is influenced by rotational forces. In this work, we investigate the rotating Rayleigh-Bénard convection paradigm, focusing on the less-explored effects of tilted rotation and gravity vectors to model low- and mid-latitude dynamics. Using direct numerical simulations in the geostrophic regime near onset, we systematically vary the latitude from 10° (near the equator) to 90° (poles) to examine the resulting flow structures and heat transport characteristics. Our findings reveal significant variations in flow patterns and heat transport efficiency with latitude, offering insights into length scale scaling with latitude, which are crucial for understanding the latitudinal scaling of heat (Nu) and momentum (Re) transport in the system. This study can help enhance our understanding of the latitudinal dependencies of convection, which are essential for improving climate and weather prediction models.