Inverse cascade in zonal flows.

Zonal winds on Jovian planets play an important role in governing the cloud dynamics, transport of momentum, scalars, and weather patterns. Therefore, it is crucial to understand the evolution of the zonal flows and their sustainability. Based on studies in two-dimensional (2D) β plane setups, zonal flow is believed to be forced at the intermediate scale via baroclinic instabilities, and the inverse cascade leads to the transfer of energy to large scales. However, whether such a process exists in three-dimensional (3D) deep convection systems remains an open and challenging question. To explore a possible answer, we perform Large Eddy Simulations at the geophysically interesting regime of Ra=10¹², Ek=10^-6,10^-7 and 10^-8 in horizontally rotating Rayleigh-Bénard convection setup and discover the existence of natural forcing through buoyancy and inverse cascade. The turbulent kinetic energy budget analysis and the spectral space assessment of the results corroborate the emanation of a strong mean flow from chaos.