Effects of Wing Damage on Aerodynamic Performance and Structural Integrity in Flapping Wings

Insect flight is a complex and highly adaptive phenomenon, particularly resilient to various forms of wing damage. Blue bottle flies exhibit remarkable flight capabilities despite sustaining injuries that compromise wing integrity. This study explores the effects of wing damage by systematically cutting the wings at various positions along the wingspan. The primary objective is to analyze how such structural impairments influence aerodynamic performance, wing deformation, and energy efficiency during flight. Using fluid-structure interaction computational models, we simulated the aerodynamic forces and structural responses of both intact and damaged wings. Our results show distinct changes in lift and drag forces depending on the extent and location of the wing damage. Additionally, damaged wings exhibited increased deformation, indicating a loss of structural stiffness and integrity. Flow visualization around the damaged wings demonstrated altered vorticity patterns and wake structures. These changes in flow structure are attributed to the disrupted aerodynamic surface and altered pressure distribution, leading to inefficient lift generation and increased turbulence. The study highlights the intricate balance between wing structure and aerodynamic performance, offering critical insights into the resilience and adaptability of insect flight.