Understanding Ekman Layer Rolls and Turbulence without Inflectional Instability

In the Planetary Boundary Layer, roll circulations are commonly observed. Depending on the scale of the problem, if flow itself supports infletional instability, Traditionally, formation of these rolls has been ascribed to inflectional instability. Despite many papers including Lilly and Foster suggesting Inflectiobal instability supported by Ekman Spiral, It is also of intetest to question whether rolls can form and Turbulence can maintain when inflectional instability Is not supported. Generalized Stability Analysis Is done to gain understanding of non modal transient structures of Ekman Spiral. Statistical State Dynamics study is done to show that background turbulence and transient structures on Ekman Spiral synergistically interact and form its own mechanism for Ekman Layer roll formation and Turbulence.