Energy-positive soaring using transient turbulent fluctuations

Soaring birds gain energy from stable ascending currents or shear. However, it remains unclear whether energy loss due to drag can be overcome by extracting work from transient turbulent fluctuations. We designed numerical simulations of gliders navigating in a kinematic model that captures the spatio-temporal correlations of atmospheric turbulence. Energy extraction is enabled by an adaptive algorithm based on Monte Carlo tree search that dynamically filters acquired information about the flow to plan future paths. We show that net energy gain is feasible under realistic constraints. Glider paths reflect patterns of foraging, where exploration of the flow is interspersed with bouts of energy extraction through localized spirals.