Free-surface breakup by retracting elastic sheet

Elastic membranes filled with fluids, such as water balloons or capsules, are commonly found in our surroundings and are designed to store and transport fluids effectively. Although it is essential to understand the potential risks that could lead to their rupture, previous studies of fluid-filled membranes have mostly focused on their deformation only. In this experimental study, we examine the relationship between the retraction of an elastic membrane during rupture and accompanying flow phenomena by adopting a simplified model in which an elastic sheet is initially stretched and floats on the free-surface. Both the shear stress acting on the interface and the wrinkling of the elastic sheet during retraction cause the instability of the free surface and directly affect its breakup into ligaments. By analyzing the variations in wrinkling patterns and free-surface flows based on the mechanical properties and initial tensile condition of the elastic sheet, we elucidate detailed coupling mechanisms between a retracting elastic sheet and the resulting free-surface flow.