Flocculation of Finite Sized Particles in Turbulent Channel Flow

We present a computational study of the flocculation dynamics and turbulence modulation in a channel flow laden with small, finite size, cohesive particles. We conduct a series of four way coupled, grain-resolved direct numerical simulations, across which the strength of the short-range inter-particle cohesive force is varied, in order to determine its effect on the flocculation process. The strength of cohesion is shown to govern the size (O(1-100) particle diameters) and number of aggregates. Additionally, we analyze specific floc properties such as size, shape, and lifespan as a function of the wall normal distance. The higher mean velocity gradient and turbulent activity near the wall is found to both facilitate aggregation by bringing particles together, while also prompting breakup. Finally, enabled by the fully coupled nature of the simulations, we quantify the effect of aggregation on the turbulence by reporting classical first and second order turbulence statistics for both the fluid and particles.