The ocean fine spray

An important fraction of the atmospheric aerosols come from the ocean spray originated by the bursting of surface bubbles. A theoretical framework that incorporates the latest knowledge on film and jet droplets from bubble bursting is here proposed, suggesting that the ejected droplet size in the fine and ultrafine (nanometric) spectrum constitute the ultimate origin of primary and secondary sea aerosols through a diversity of physicochemical routes. In contrast to the latest proposals on the mechanistic origin of that droplet size range, when bubbles of about 10 to 100 microns burst, they produce an extreme energy focusing and the ejection of a fast liquid spout whose size reaches the free molecular regime of the air. Simulations show that this spout yields a jet of sub-micrometer and nanometric scale droplets whose number and speed can be far beyond any previous estimation, overcoming by orders of magnitude other mechanisms recently proposed. The model proposed can be ultimately reduced to a single controlling parameter to predict the global probability density distribution (pdf) of the ocean spray. The model fits remarkably well most published experimental measurements along five orders of magnitude of spray size, from about 5 nm to about 0.5 mm. According to this proposal, the majority of ocean aerosols would have their extremely elusive birth in the collapsing uterus-like shape of small bursting bubbles on the ocean surface.