Film drop production across a wide range of liquid conditions

The retraction and destabilization of the thin-film cap of a bubble bursting at a liquid-gas interface can produce liquid drops. As these film drops have been hypothesized to be a significant source of sea spray aerosols, understanding how altering the liquid conditions affects the resulting spray - or if there is any spray produced at all - is particularly valuable to the oceanographic and atmospheric community. By varying the liquid (de-ionized water, synthetic sea water, glycerol-water mixtures), the surfactant concentrations (across ranges of both Triton X-100 and SDS), the temperature of the liquid (from 2°C to 40°C), and the size of the bubble, film drop production is measured across a wide range of conditions and the role of the various physico-chemical variables is discussed.