Particle-resolved simulations of compressible gas-particle flows at finite Mach number and volume fraction

In this work, we present particle resolved numerical simulations of homogeneous fluidization of monodispere rigid spheres. Simulations span a large range of Mach numbers and volume fractions to guide the development of subgrid scale models that can be employed in Euler-Euler and Euler-Lagrange methods. We assess the budget of pseudo-turbulent kinetic energy (PTKE), which includes drag production, viscous dissipation, and pressure strain. The role of gas-phase compressibility and neighbor-induced velocity fluctuations on the distribution of drag forces is also quantified. The present simulations are designed to provide new Mach number- and volume fraction-dependent correlations for drag and PTKE.