Thermoelectrohydrodynamic convection under dielectric heating conditions in parallel plate capacitors

The stability of stationary dielectric fluid layers subject to transversal electric fields in parallel plate capacitors is investigated by a linear perturbation theory in microgravity and horizontal configurations. Internal heating due to dielectric loss is shown to induce convection in both gravitational environments. In microgravity, the convection is driven by the thermal dielectrophoretic force, which is assimilated as a thermal buoyancy force in an electric effective gravity field $g_e$. The convection develops when a Rayleigh number $Ra_e$ based on $g_e$ exceeds a critical value. Critical modes consist of two-layered convection rolls. In the horizontal configuration, destabilizing and stabilizing effects of the Archimedean buoyancy in the upper and lower half fluid layers enrich the behavior of the fluid system. The critical condition varies significantly with the variation of Rayleigh number $Ra$ because of the competition of $g_e$ and Earth's gravity. With increasing $Ra$, the structure of critical modes changes from two- to single-layered convection. The mechanism of instabilities will be discussed from a consideration on the energy transfer from base to perturbation flows.